https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.833
The role of suicidal motivations in adolescence: implications for the psychotherapeutic treatment of suicidal risk
Submitted: October 15, 2024
Accepted: November 12, 2024
Published: December 4, 2024
Accepted: November 12, 2024
Abstract Views: 542
PDF: 122
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The study of suicidal risk has increasingly emphasized the importance of assessing specific suicidal motivations. Motivations express an elaboration of the condition of psychache, representing an effective perspective on the management of suicidal risk in psychotherapy. This study explores suicidal motivations and personality pathology in a clinical sample of adolescents with suicidal ideation or a history of suicide attempts. We aim to investigate how specific motivational factors and personality disorders (PDs) contribute to the foreseeability of suicidal outcomes, such as the occurrence, number, and lethality of suicide attempts and their interaction with the impact of personality disorders. A sample of 134 adolescents aged 12-18, with active suicidal ideation or recent suicide attempts, was assessed using a combination of self-report measures and structured clinical interviews. Binomial logistic regressions and linear regressions were conducted to explore the predictive value of PDs and motivational factors on suicidal behaviors. The results indicate that specific suicidal motivations, such as interpersonal influence, escape fantasy, and absence of fear, provide an additional increase in the foreseeability value beyond personality disorder criteria alone. These findings suggest that assessing suicidal motivations can significantly enhance risk evaluation and inform more effective therapeutic interventions. Beyond identifying certain risk factors, the therapist’s ability to diss and process specific suicidal motivations in the context of the therapeutic relationship can be a decisive factor in monitoring and directly intervening on the risk.
Østergaard, M. L., Nordentoft, M., & Hjorthøj , C. (2017). Associations between substance use disorders and suicide or suicide attempts in people with mental illness: a Danish nation-wide, prospective, register-based study of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, unipolar depression or personal. Addiction, 112(7), 1250-1259.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13788
AACAP. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Teen-Suicide-010.aspx
Arsenault-Lapierre, G., Kim, C., & Turecki, G. (2004). Psychiatric diagnoses in 3275 suicides: a meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 4(1), 37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-4-37
Baca-Garcia, E., Parra, C. P., Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Diaz-Sastre, C., Torres, R. R., Saiz-Ruiz, J., & Leon, J. d. (2007). Psychosocial stressors may be strongly associated with suicide attempts. Stress and Health, 23, 191–198.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1137
Baldessarini, R. J., Tondo, L., Pinna, M., Nuñez, N., & Vázquez, G. H. (2019). Suicidal risk factors in major affective disorders. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 215(4), 621-626.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.167
Barzilay, S., & Apter, A. (2014). Psychological Models of Suicide. Archives of Suicide Research, 18(4), 295-312 .
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2013.824825
Borroni, S., Franchini, L., Brioschi, S., Vassena, G., Masci, E., Franzoni, C., Fossati, A. (2023). The role of clinical and Personological features in predicting high lethality suicide attempts: A study among mood disorder patients. Personality and mental health 17(1), 99-106.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1546
Bould, H., Mars, B., Moran, P., Biddle, L., & Gunne, D. (2019). Rising suicide rates among adolescents in England and Wales. The Lancet, 394(10193), 116–117.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31102-X
Brüdern, J., Spangenberg, L., Stein, M., Forkmann, T., Shreiber, D., Stengler, K., Glaesmer, H. (2024). Implicit measures of suicide vulnerability: Investigating suicide-related information-processing biases and a deficit in behavioral impulse control in a high-risk sample and healthy controls. 180, 104601.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2024.104601
Briggs, S., Netuveli, G., Gould, N., Gkaravella, A., Gluckman, N. S., Kangogyere, P., Linder, R. (2019). The effectiveness of psychoanalytic/psychodynamic psychotherapy for reducing suicide attempts and self-harm: systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 214(6), 320-328.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.33
Calati, R., & Courtet, P. (2016). Is psychotherapy effective for reducing suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury rates? Meta-analysis and meta-regression of literature data. Journal of psychiatric research, 79, 8-20.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.04.003
Calati, R., Bensassi, I., & Courtet, P. (2017). The link between dissociation and both suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury: Meta-analyses. Psychiatry research, 251, 103-114.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.01.035
CDC (Cent. Dis. Control Prev.). (2015). Center for disease control and prevention. Retrieved from (2021) www.cdc.gov:http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/suicide/definitions.html
Cha, C. B., Franz, P. J., M. Guzmán, E., Glenn, C. R., Kleiman, E. M., & Nock, M. K. (2018). Annual Research Review: Suicide among youth – epidemiology, (potential) etiology, and treatment. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(4), 460–482.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12831
Chanen, A. M., Jovev, M., Djaja, D., McDougall, E., Yuen, H., Rawlings, D., & Jackson, H. J. (2008). Screening for Borderline Personality Disorder in Outpatient Youth. Journal of personality disorders, 22(4), 353-364.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2008.22.4.353
D'Agostino, A., Pepi, R., Rossi Monti , M., & Starcevic, V. (2020). The Feeling of Emptiness: A Review of a Complex Subjective Experience. Harvard review of psychiatry, 28(5), 287-295.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/HRP.0000000000000269
De Beurs, D., Fried, E. D., Whetherall, K., Cleare, S., O' Connor, D. B., Ferguson, E., O' Connor, R. C. (2019). Exploring the psychology of suicidal ideation: A theory driven network analysis. Behaviour research and therapy, 120, 103419.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2019.103419
First, M. B., Skodol, A. E., Bender, D. S., & Oldham, J. M. (2017). User's guide for the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5® Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (SCID-5-AMPD). Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Fontana, A., Cianfanelli, B., Verbaro, R., Cuzzocrea, G., Benzi, I. M., & Sideli, L. (2023). Two-Wave Stability of Grandiose and Vulnerable Narcissism During Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Empathy. The Journal of nervous and mental disease, 211(9), 696–703.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001687
Giner, L., Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Perez-Rodriguez, M. M., Garcìa-Nieto, R., Giner, J., Guija, J. A., Baca-Garcia, E. (2013). Personality disorders and health problems distinguish suicide attempters from completers in a direct comparison. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(2), 474-483.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.029
Glenn, C. R., Millner, A. J., Esposito, E. C., Porter, A. C., & Nock, M. K. (2019). Implicit Identification with Death Predicts Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Adolescents (Vol. 48). Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1528548
Goodman, M., Alvarez Tomas, I., Temes, C. M., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Aguirre, B. A., & Zanarini, M. C. (2017). Suicide attempts and self-injurious behaviours in adolescent and adult patients with borderline personality disorder. Personality and mental health, 11(3), 157-163.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/pmh.1375
Hallford, D. J., Rusanov, D., Winestone, B., Kaplan, R., Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, M., & Melvin, G. (2023). Disclosure of suicidal ideation and behaviours: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence. Clinical psychology review, 101, 102272.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102272
Hill, R. M., Rufino, K., Kurian, S., Saxena, J., Saxena, K., & Williams, L. (2020). Suicide Ideation and Attempts in a Pediatric Emergency Department Before and During COVID-19. Pediatrics.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-029280
Kaufman, J., & Schweder, A. E. (2004). The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children: Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL). In M. J. Hilsenroth, & D. L. Segal, Comprehensive handbook of psychological assessment, 2, 247 - 255. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Kernberg, O. (1884). Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies. New Haven (Yale University Press).
Kernberg, O. (1987). Diagnosis and Clinical managment of Suicide potential in Borderline Patients. In J. S. Grotstein, M. F. Solomon, & J. A. Lang, The Borderline Patient. Analytic Press Hilssdale, U.S.A.
Klonsky, E. D., & May, A. M. (2014). Differentiating suicide attempters from suicide ideators: a critical frontier for suicidology research. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 44(1), 1-5.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12068
Krysinska, K., Heller, T., & De Leo, D. (2006). Suicide and deliberate self-harm in personality disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 19(1), 95-101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.yco.0000191498.69281.5e
Levy, S. R., Hilsenroth, M. J., Conway, F., & Owen, J. (2022). Patient personality characteristics and therapeutic integration: Treating borderline personality and emotionally dysregulated-dysphoric personality features. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.611
Li, E., Campbell, C., Midgley, N., & Luyten, P. (2023). Epistemic trust: A comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 26(3).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2023.704
Li, S., Yaseen, Z. S., Kim, H.-J., Briggs, J., Duffy, M., Frechette-Hagan, A., Galynker, I. I. (2018). Entrapment as a mediator of suicide crises. BMC psychiatry, 18, 1-10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1587-0
Lindner, R. (2006). Suicidality in men in psychodynamic psychotherapy. Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy, 20(3), 197-217.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02668730600868948
Lombardi, R. (2016). Body-Mind Dissociation in Psychoanalysis. Routledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315657844
Maltsberger, J. T. (2004). The descent into suicide. The International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 85(3), 653-668.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1516/3C96-URET-TLWX-6LWU
Maltsberger, J. T., & Goldblatt, M. J. (1996). Essential papers on suicide (Vol. 20). NYU Press.
Maltsberger, J. T., Goldblatt, M. J., Ronningstam, E., Weinberg, I., & Schechter, M. (2011). Traumatic Subjective Experiences Invite Suicide. The Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 39(4), 671-693.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/jaap.2011.39.4.671
Millner, A. J., Lee, M. D., & Nock, M. K. (2017). Describing and Measuring the Pathway to Suicide Attempts: A Preliminary Study. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 47(3), 353-369.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12284
Moselli, M., Casini, M. P., Frattini, C., & Williams, R. (2023). Suicidality and Personality Pathology in Adolescence: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 54(2), 290-311.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-021-01239-x
Moselli, M., Frattini, C., Williams, R., & Ronningstam, E. (2021). The study of motivation in the suicidal process: the motivational interview for suicidality. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598866
Na, E., Choi, K., Hong, J. P., & Cho, M. (2019). Paranoid Ideation Without Psychosis Is Associated With Depression, Anxiety, and Suicide Attempts in General Population. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 207(10), 826-831.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000001050
Nock, M. K., Ramirez, F., & Rankin, O. (2019). Advancing our understanding of the who, when, and why of suicide risk. JAMA psychiatry, 76(1), 11-12.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2018.3164
O’Connor, R., Platt, S., & Gordon, J. (2011). International Handbook of Suicide Prevention. Wiley-Blackwell.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119998556
Orbach, I., Mikulincer, M., Blumenson, R., Mester, R., & Stein, D. (1999). The Subjective Experience of Problem Irresolvability and Suicidal Behavior: Dynamics and Measurement. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 29(2), 150-164.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1999.tb01053.x
Orbach, I., Stein, D., Shani-Sela, M., & Har-Even, D. (2001). Body Attitudes and Body Experiences in Suicidal Adolescents. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 31(3), 237-249.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.31.3.237.24250
Orri, M., Paduanello, M., Lachal, J., Falissard, B., Sibeoni, J., & Revah-levy, A. (2014). Qualitative Approach to Attempted Suicide by Adolescents and Young Adults: The (Neglected) Role of Revenge. 9(5), e96716.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0096716
Perez, N. M., Jennings, W. G., Piquero, A. R., & Baglivio, M. T. (2016). Adverse Childhood Experiences and Suicide Attempts: The Mediating Influence of Personality Development and Problem Behaviors. Journal of youth and adolescence, 45, 527-1545.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-016-0519-x
Pompili, M. (2020). Epidemiology of suicide: from population to single cases. Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences, 29(e68).
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000647
Posner, K., Brown, G. K., Stanley, B., Brent, D. A., Yershova, K. V., Oquendo, M. A., Mann, J. J. (2011). The Columbia–Suicide Severity Rating Scale: initial validity and internal consistency findings from three multisite studies with adolescents and adults. American journal of psychiatry, 168(12), 1266-1277.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.10111704
Ronningstam, E. F., & Maltsberger, J. T. (1998). Pathological Narcissism and Sudden Suicide-Related Collapse. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 28(3), 261-271.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.1998.tb00856.x
Ronningstam, E., Weinberg, I., Goldblatt, M., Schechter, M., & Herbstman, B. (2018). Suicide and Self-regulation in Narcissistic Personality Disorder. Psychodyn Psychiatry, 46(4), 491-510.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2018.46.4.491
Rosenfeld, H. (1987). Impasse and Interpretation. Therapeutic and Anti-Therapeutic Factors in the Psychoanalytic Treatment of Psychotic, Borderline, and Neurotic Patients. London: Routledge.
Schechter, M., Goldblatt, M. J., Ronningstam, E., & Herbstman, B. (2022a). The Psychoanalytic Study of Suicide, Part I: An Integration of Contemporary Theory and Research. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 70(1), 103–137.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651221086622
Schechter, M., Goldblatt, M. J., Ronningstam, E., & Herbstman, B. (2022b). The Psychoanalytic Study of Suicide, Part II: An Integration of Theory, Research, and Clinical Practice. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 70(1), 139–166.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651221087158
Schechter, M., Herbstman, B., Ronningstam, E., & Goldblatt, M. J. (2018). Emerging Adults, Identity Development, and Suicidality: Implications for Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 71(1), 20-39.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2017.1415596
Schechter, M., Ronningstam, E., Herbstman, B., & Goldblatt, M. J. (2019). Psychotherapy with Suicidal Patients: The Integrative Psychodynamic Approach of the Boston Suicide Study Group. Medicina, 55(6), 303.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060303
Schuck, A., Calati, R., Barzilay, S., Bloch-Elkouby, S., & Galynker, I. (2019). Suicide Crisis Syndrome: A review of supporting evidence for a new suicide-specific diagnosis. Behavioral sciences & the law, 37(3), 223-239.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2397
Shapiro, D. (1970). Motivation and Action in Psychoanalytic Psychiatry. Psychiatry, 33(3), 329-343.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00332747.1970.11023632
Sharma, S., & Fowler, C. (2018). Restoring Hope for the Future: Mentalization-Based Therapy in the Treatment of a Suicidal Adolescent. The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, 71(1), 55-57.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00797308.2017.1416863
Shneidman, E. S. (1993). Commentary: Suicide as psychache. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 181(3), 145-7.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199303000-00001
Somma, A., Borroni, S., Maffei, C., Besson, E., Garbini, A., Granozio, S., Fossati, A. (2017). Inter-rater reliability of the Italian translation of the structured clinical interview for DSM-5 personality disorders (SCID-5-PD): a study on consecutively admitted clinical adult participants. Journal of Psychopathology, 23, 105-111.
Somma, A., Fossati, A., Terrinoni, A., Williams , R., Ardizzone, I., Fantini, F., Ferrara, M. (2016). Reliability and clinical usefulness of the personality inventory for DSM-5 in clinically referred adolescents: A preliminary report in a sample of Italian inpatients. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 70, 141-151.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.07.006
Tanzilli, A., Boldrini, T., Carone, N., Gualco, I., Lingiardi, V., & Williams, R. (2023). Patient personality dimensions, transference patterns and therapeutic alliance: An empirical investigation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 30(1), 97-111.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2779
Tanzilli, A., Giovanardi, G., Patriarca, E., Lingiardi, V., & Williams, R. (2021). From a Symptom-Based to a Person-Centered Approach in Treating Depressive Disorders in Adolescence: A Clinical Case Formulation Using the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2)’s Framework. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(19), 10127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910127
Toukhy, N., Gvion, Y., Barzilay, S., Apter, A., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Fennig, S., & Hamdan, S. (2024). Implicit or explicit self-associations with life and death? Predicting short-term self-injurious thoughts and behaviors among adolescents. Death Studies.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2024.2318601
Tull, M. T., DeMoss, Z. T., Anestis, M. D., Lavender, J. M., McDermott, M., & Gratz, K. L. (2022). Examining associations between suicidal desire, implicit fearlessness about death, and lifetime frequency of suicide attempts. Suicide and Life‐Threatening Behavior, 52(6), 1110-11120.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/sltb.12905
Turton, H., Berry, K., Danquah, A., & Pratt, D. (2021). The relationship between emotion dysregulation and suicide ideation and behaviour: A systematic review. Journal of affective disorders reports, 5, 100136.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100136
Van Orden, K. A., Witte, T. K., Cukrowicz, K. C., Braithwaite, S. R., Selby, E. A., Joiner, J., & Thomas , E. (2010). The interpersonal theory of suicide. Psychological review, 117(2), 575.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018697
Weinberg, I., Ronninsgtam, E., Goldblatt, M. J., Schechter, M., & Maltsberger, J. T. (2011). Common Factors in Empirically Supported Treatments of Borderline Personality Disorder. Current psychiatry reports, 13, 60-68.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-010-0167-x
Williams, R., Andreassi, S., Moselli, M., Fantini, F., Tanzilli, A., Lingiardi, V., & Laghi, F. (2023). Relationship between Executive Functions, Social Cognition, and Attachment State of Mind in Adolescence: An Explorative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 2836.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20042836
Williams, R., Casini, M. P., Moselli, M., Frattini, C., & Ronningstam, E. (2021). The road from pathological narcissism to suicidality in adolescence: An empirical study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(8), 9761.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189761
Williams, R., Chiesa, M., Moselli, M., Frattini, C., Casini, M. P., & Fonagy, P. (2023). The relationship between mood disorders, personality disorder and suicidality in adolescence: does general personality disturbance play a significant role in predicting suicidal behavior? Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation, 10(1), 32.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40479-023-00238-9
Williams, R., Fiorentino, F., Lingiardi, V., Moselli, M., Sharp, C., & Tanzilli, A. (2024). The assessment of pathways towards suicide in adolescent patients: A PDM-2-oriented approach. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12529
World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. Retrieved from www.who.int: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564779
World Health Organization. (2021). Suicide worldwide in 2019. World Health Organization.
How to Cite
Casini, M. P., Moselli, M., Wisniewski, A., & Williams, R. (2024). The role of suicidal motivations in adolescence: implications for the psychotherapeutic treatment of suicidal risk. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.833
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Giulia Gagliardini, Salvatore Gullo, Edgardo Caverzasi, Annalisa Boldrini, Stefano Blasi, Antonello Colli, Assessing mentalization in psychotherapy: first validation of the Mentalization Imbalances Scale , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2018)
- Stefano Carrera, Guia Pandolfi, Jee Yun Cappelletti, Walter Padoani, Silvia Salcuni, Oriented mentalization-based treatment for borderline personality disorder patients: preliminary results at Camposampiero Mental Health Center , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2018)
- Leandro Martín Casari, Mirta Susana Ison, Beatriz Margarita María Gómez, Personal style of the therapist and personality dimensions in a sample of Argentinian therapists , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 2 (2019)
- Khalid K. Abdul-Razzak, Mohammad J. Alkhatatbeh, Nightmares and bad dreams among individuals with musculoskeletal pain: a link to vitamin D and calcium , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 2 (2021): SPECIAL ISSUE "Working on dreams, from psychotherapy to neuroscience"
- Giulia Bassi, Elisa Mancinelli, Daniela Di Riso, Adriana Lis, Silvia Salcuni, Separation anxiety in a community sample of Italian emerging adults and its relationship with dimensions of borderline personality , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 1 (2021)
- Marco Solmi, Mara Campeol, Federica Gentili, Angela Favaro, Carla Cremonese, Clinical presentation and need for treatment of a cohort of subjects accessing to a mental illness prevention service , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020)
- Sigmund Karterud, Case formulations in mentalization-based group therapy , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2018)
- Paul Schröder-Pfeifer, Alessandro Talia, Jana Volkert, Svenja Taubner, Developing an assessment of epistemic trust: a research protocol , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2018)
- Lynne Angus, Jennifer Lewin, Tali Boritz, Emily Bryntwick, Naomi Carpenter, James Watson-Gaze, Les Greenberg, Narrative Processes Coding System: A Dialectical Constructivist Approach to Assessing Client Change Processes in Emotion-Focused Therapy of Depression , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 15 No. 2 (2012)
- Diego Rocco, Alessandro Gennaro, Lorena Filugelli, Patrizia Squarcina, Elena Antonelli, Key factors in psychotherapy training: an analysis of trainers’, trainees’ and psychotherapists’ points of view , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2019)
<< < 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
