https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.722
Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session
Submitted: September 15, 2023
Accepted: December 8, 2023
Published: February 15, 2024
Accepted: December 8, 2023
Abstract Views: 4236
PDF: 1485
Supplementary Material: 201
HTML: 112
Supplementary Material: 201
HTML: 112
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Research in psychotherapy has emphasized the relevance of the therapist’s role, particularly the impact of deliberate practice and self-awareness (SA). This study aims to explore how SA is presented in the accounts of psychotherapists and assess the impact of attending to actual performance. Twenty cognitive behavioral therapy psychotherapists in training were interviewed before and after listening to their session recordings. The interview was based on five domains of self-awareness: recognition of emotional experience, assessment of personal skills, recognition of prejudices and implicit biases, and awareness of personal values. Results show that SA is frequently attained in skills identification and emotional experience. Recognizing the influence of personal values and bias, and emotional regulation was less frequently identified. There were minor differences before and after listening to the recording. There is an increase of SA in identifying the therapist’s personal skills, and aspects such as our prejudices and biases are more internalized and difficult to change. This article suggests the importance of deliberate practice strategies to promote SA and increase the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Abbass, A. (2004) Small-group videotape training for psychotherapy skills development. Academic Psychiatry, 28(2), 151-155.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.28.2.151
Anderson, T., Ogles, B. M., Patterson, C. L., Lambert, M. J., & Vermeersch, D. A. (2009). Therapist effects: Facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(7), 755-768.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20583
Aponte, H. J., & Winter, J. E. (2000). The person and practice of the therapist: Treatment and training. In M. Baldwin (Eds.), The Use of Self in Therapy (pp. 127-166). New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
Banajj, M., & Greenwald, A. (2013). Blindspot. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.
Braun, V., Clark, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research, 3(2), 77- 101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brown, G. S., Lambert, M. J., Jones, E. R., & Minami, T. (2005). Identifying highly effective psychotherapists in a managed care environment. American Journal of Managed Care, 11(8), 513-520.
Budge, S. L., Owen, J. J., Kopta, S. M., Minami, T., Hanson, M. R., & Hirsch, G. (2013). Differences among trainees in client outcomes associated with the phase model of change. Psychotherapy, 50(2), 150-157.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029565
Collins, N. M., & Pieterse, A. L. (2007). Critical incident analysis based training: An approach to training for active racial and cultural awareness. Journal of Counselling and Development, 85(1),14-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00439.x
Crowley, J., & Gottlieb, M. C. (2012). Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear: A primary prevention model for ethical decision making. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(1), 65-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026212
Fauth, J., & Williams, E. N. (2005). The in-session self-awareness of therapist-trainees: Hindering or helpful? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 443-447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.443
Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000131
Haggerty, G., & Hilsenroth, M. (2011). The use of video in psychotherapy supervision. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 27(2), 193-210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.2011.01232.x
Hill, C. E., Sullivan, C., Knox, S., & Scholler, L. Z. (2007). Becoming psychotherapists: Experiences of novice trainees in a beginning graduate class. Psychotherapy: Theory. Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 434-449.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.434
Howard, E. E., Inman, A. G., & Altman, A. N. (2006). Critical incidents among novice counsellor trainees. Counselor Education & Supervision, 46(2), 88-102.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2006.tb00015.x
Huhra, R.L., Yamokoski-Maynhart, C.A. & Prieto, L.R. (2008) Reviewing videotape insupervision: A developmental approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(4), 412-418.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00529.x
Knapp, S., Gottlieb, M., & Handelsman, M. (2017). Self-Awareness questions for qffective psychotherapists: Helping good psychotherapists become even better. Practice Innovations, 2(4), 163-172.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000051
Krauns, D. R., Castonguay, L., Boswell, J. F., Nordberg, S. S., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). Therapist effectiveness: Implications for accountability and patient care. Psychotherapy Research, 21(3), 267-276.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.563249
LaChapelle, D. L., Lavoie, S., Higgins, N. C., & Hadjistavropoulos, T. (2014). Attractiveness, diagnostic ambiguity, and disability cues impact perceptions of women with pain. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59, 162-170.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035894
Macdonald, J., & Mellor-Clark, J. (2014). Correcting psychotherapists’ blindsidedness: Formal feedback as a means of overcoming the natural limitations of therapists. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(3), 249-257.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1887
McGoldrick, M. (1998). Introduction: Re-visioning family therapy through a cultural lens. In M. McGoldrick (Eds.), Re-visioning Family Therapy: Race, Culture and Gender in Clinical Practice (pp. 3-19). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
McMahon, A., & Ledden, K. (2019). Recording client sessions during psychotherapy training: From ‘an absurd idea’ to ‘potent learning’. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 19(3), 241-251.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12209
Nissen-Lie, H. A., Monsen, J. T., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2010). Therapist predictors of early patient-rated working alliance: A multilevel approach. Psychotherapy Research, 20(6), 627-646.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2010.497633
Nissen-Lie, H., Rønnestad, M. H., Høglend, P. A., Havick, O. E., Solbakken, O. A., Stiles, T. C., & Monsen, J. T. (2015). Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(1), 48-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1977
Nyman, S. J., Nafziger, M. A., & Smith, T. B. (2010). Client outcomes across counselor training level within a multitiered supervision model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(2), 204-209.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00010.x
Pieterse, A., Lee, M., Ritmeester, A, & Collins, M. (2013). Toward a model of self-awareness development for counseling and psychotherapy training. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 26 (2), 190-207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2013.793451
Rogerson, M. D., Gottlieb, M. C., Handelsman, M. M., Knapp, S., & Younggren, J. (2011). Non-rational processes in ethical decision making. American Psychologist, 66(7), 614-623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025215
Smith, T. S., McGuire, J. M., Abbott, D. W., & Blau, B. I. (1991). Clinical ethical decision making: An investigation of the rationales used to justify doing less than one believes one should. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22(3), 235-239.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.22.3.235
Shepherd, L., Salkovskis, P., & Morris, M. (2009). Recording therapy sessions: An evaluation of patient and therapist reported behaviours, attitudes and preferences. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37(2), 141-150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809005190
Storey, J. (2016). Hurting the healers: Stalking and stalking-related behaviors perpetrated against counselors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 47(4), 261-270.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000084
Walfish, S., McAlister, B., O’Donnell, P., & Lambert, M. J. (2012). An investigation of self-assessment bias in mental health providers. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 639-644.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/02.07.17.PR0.110.2.639-644
Wampold, B. E., & Brown, G. S. J. (2005). Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists: a naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 914-923.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.914
Williams, E. (2003). The relationship between momentary states of therapist self-awareness and perceptions of the counseling process. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33, 177-186.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023969502532
Williams, E. (2008). A psychotherapy researcher’s perspective on therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention after a decade of research. Psychotherapy Research, 18(2), 139-146.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300701691656
Wolf, A., Goldfried, M., & Muran, C. (2017). Therapist negative reactions: How to transform toxic experiences. In L. Castonguay & C. Hill (Eds.), How and Why Are Some Therapists Better Than Others? (pp. 175-192). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000034-011
How to Cite
Pereira, R., Pires, A. P., & Neto, D. (2024). Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.722
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Margarida Pedroso de Lima, Isabel Albuquerque, Paulo Jorge Martins, António-José Gonzalez, Personal Projects Analysis as an idiographic approach in psychotherapy: an exploratory study , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2023)
- Victoria Klimkowski, Sofia McRae, Alexia Blick, Laurence Beaulieu, J. Reese S. Handley, Anara A. Hopley, Caroline A. Hyde, Devika M. Jain, Sylvia Kolodziejczyk, Josiane Laliberté, Alexa Lévesque, Lara M. Masri, Anya M. Monet, Reagan S. Nediu, Rachel Valihrach, Giorgio Tasca, Models of practice and training in psychotherapy: cross-national perspectives from Italy and Canada , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 1 (2024)
- Monica Accordini, Scott Browning, Marialuisa Gennari, Kevin McCarthy, Davide Margola, Till the ocean do us part: Italian and American therapists representations of stepfamilies in treatment , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 3 (2017)
- Marjolein M. W. Koementas-de Vos, Lucas C. Colleye, Bea Tiemens, Fabiana Engelsbel, Kim de Jong, Cilia L. M. Witteman, M. Annet Nugter, The feasibility, acceptability and effectiveness of a feedback-informed group treatment (FIGT) tool for patients with anxiety or depressive disorders , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 25 No. 3 (2022): SPECIAL ISSUE: "Group psychotherapy: between settled benchmarks and new horizons"
- Maria Eugenia Moneta, Horst Kaechele, A theoretical and clinical perspective of an embodied view in psychotherapy of somatic symptoms disorders , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023)
- Antonino La Tona, Sofia Tagini, Agostino Brugnera, Barbara Poletti, Edoardo Nicolò Aiello, Gianluca Lo Coco, Lidia Del Piccolo, Angelo Compare, Italian validation of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-10 (CORE-10): a short measure for routine outcome monitoring in clinical practice , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 1 (2023)
- Alberto Stefana, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Joshua Langfus, Eduard Vieta, Eric Youngstrom, Development and preliminary validation of the Clinician Affective REsponse (CARE) scale , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 1 (2024)
- Nina Jakhelln Laugen, Torun Grøtte, Truls Ryum, Patrick A. Vogel, Heidi Brattland, Katrine Høyer Holgersen, Something has sort of opened up for me: psychology students’ reflections after participating in an apprenticeship training model , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 2 (2024)
- Helena Carvalho, Gil Nata, Paula Mena Matos, How secure is the secure base? Romantic attachment, emotion regulation, and psychotherapists’ role as secure base figures , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 1 (2024)
- Gonca Soygüt, İsmail Volkan Gülüm, A thematic analysis of therapists' perspectives on therapeutic alliance rupture moments , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 19 No. 2 (2016)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
