https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.722
Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session
Submitted: September 15, 2023
Accepted: December 8, 2023
Published: February 15, 2024
Accepted: December 8, 2023
Abstract Views: 3900
PDF: 1419
Supplementary Material: 201
HTML: 112
Supplementary Material: 201
HTML: 112
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
Research in psychotherapy has emphasized the relevance of the therapist’s role, particularly the impact of deliberate practice and self-awareness (SA). This study aims to explore how SA is presented in the accounts of psychotherapists and assess the impact of attending to actual performance. Twenty cognitive behavioral therapy psychotherapists in training were interviewed before and after listening to their session recordings. The interview was based on five domains of self-awareness: recognition of emotional experience, assessment of personal skills, recognition of prejudices and implicit biases, and awareness of personal values. Results show that SA is frequently attained in skills identification and emotional experience. Recognizing the influence of personal values and bias, and emotional regulation was less frequently identified. There were minor differences before and after listening to the recording. There is an increase of SA in identifying the therapist’s personal skills, and aspects such as our prejudices and biases are more internalized and difficult to change. This article suggests the importance of deliberate practice strategies to promote SA and increase the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Abbass, A. (2004) Small-group videotape training for psychotherapy skills development. Academic Psychiatry, 28(2), 151-155.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ap.28.2.151
Anderson, T., Ogles, B. M., Patterson, C. L., Lambert, M. J., & Vermeersch, D. A. (2009). Therapist effects: Facilitative interpersonal skills as a predictor of therapist success. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 65(7), 755-768.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20583
Aponte, H. J., & Winter, J. E. (2000). The person and practice of the therapist: Treatment and training. In M. Baldwin (Eds.), The Use of Self in Therapy (pp. 127-166). New York, NY: The Haworth Press.
Banajj, M., & Greenwald, A. (2013). Blindspot. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.
Braun, V., Clark, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research, 3(2), 77- 101.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brown, G. S., Lambert, M. J., Jones, E. R., & Minami, T. (2005). Identifying highly effective psychotherapists in a managed care environment. American Journal of Managed Care, 11(8), 513-520.
Budge, S. L., Owen, J. J., Kopta, S. M., Minami, T., Hanson, M. R., & Hirsch, G. (2013). Differences among trainees in client outcomes associated with the phase model of change. Psychotherapy, 50(2), 150-157.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029565
Collins, N. M., & Pieterse, A. L. (2007). Critical incident analysis based training: An approach to training for active racial and cultural awareness. Journal of Counselling and Development, 85(1),14-23.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2007.tb00439.x
Crowley, J., & Gottlieb, M. C. (2012). Objects in the mirror are closer than they appear: A primary prevention model for ethical decision making. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 43(1), 65-72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026212
Fauth, J., & Williams, E. N. (2005). The in-session self-awareness of therapist-trainees: Hindering or helpful? Journal of Counseling Psychology, 52(3), 443-447.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.443
Goldberg, S. B., Rousmaniere, T., Miller, S. D., Whipple, J., Nielsen, S. L., Hoyt, W. T., & Wampold, B. E. (2016). Do psychotherapists improve with time and experience? A longitudinal analysis of outcomes in a clinical setting. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 63(1), 1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000131
Haggerty, G., & Hilsenroth, M. (2011). The use of video in psychotherapy supervision. British Journal of Psychotherapy, 27(2), 193-210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-0118.2011.01232.x
Hill, C. E., Sullivan, C., Knox, S., & Scholler, L. Z. (2007). Becoming psychotherapists: Experiences of novice trainees in a beginning graduate class. Psychotherapy: Theory. Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 434-449.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.434
Howard, E. E., Inman, A. G., & Altman, A. N. (2006). Critical incidents among novice counsellor trainees. Counselor Education & Supervision, 46(2), 88-102.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6978.2006.tb00015.x
Huhra, R.L., Yamokoski-Maynhart, C.A. & Prieto, L.R. (2008) Reviewing videotape insupervision: A developmental approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 86(4), 412-418.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2008.tb00529.x
Knapp, S., Gottlieb, M., & Handelsman, M. (2017). Self-Awareness questions for qffective psychotherapists: Helping good psychotherapists become even better. Practice Innovations, 2(4), 163-172.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pri0000051
Krauns, D. R., Castonguay, L., Boswell, J. F., Nordberg, S. S., & Hayes, J. A. (2011). Therapist effectiveness: Implications for accountability and patient care. Psychotherapy Research, 21(3), 267-276.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2011.563249
LaChapelle, D. L., Lavoie, S., Higgins, N. C., & Hadjistavropoulos, T. (2014). Attractiveness, diagnostic ambiguity, and disability cues impact perceptions of women with pain. Rehabilitation Psychology, 59, 162-170.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035894
Macdonald, J., & Mellor-Clark, J. (2014). Correcting psychotherapists’ blindsidedness: Formal feedback as a means of overcoming the natural limitations of therapists. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(3), 249-257.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1887
McGoldrick, M. (1998). Introduction: Re-visioning family therapy through a cultural lens. In M. McGoldrick (Eds.), Re-visioning Family Therapy: Race, Culture and Gender in Clinical Practice (pp. 3-19). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
McMahon, A., & Ledden, K. (2019). Recording client sessions during psychotherapy training: From ‘an absurd idea’ to ‘potent learning’. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 19(3), 241-251.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/capr.12209
Nissen-Lie, H. A., Monsen, J. T., & Rønnestad, M. H. (2010). Therapist predictors of early patient-rated working alliance: A multilevel approach. Psychotherapy Research, 20(6), 627-646.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2010.497633
Nissen-Lie, H., Rønnestad, M. H., Høglend, P. A., Havick, O. E., Solbakken, O. A., Stiles, T. C., & Monsen, J. T. (2015). Love yourself as a person, doubt yourself as a therapist? Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 24(1), 48-60.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1977
Nyman, S. J., Nafziger, M. A., & Smith, T. B. (2010). Client outcomes across counselor training level within a multitiered supervision model. Journal of Counseling & Development, 88(2), 204-209.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2010.tb00010.x
Pieterse, A., Lee, M., Ritmeester, A, & Collins, M. (2013). Toward a model of self-awareness development for counseling and psychotherapy training. Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 26 (2), 190-207.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/09515070.2013.793451
Rogerson, M. D., Gottlieb, M. C., Handelsman, M. M., Knapp, S., & Younggren, J. (2011). Non-rational processes in ethical decision making. American Psychologist, 66(7), 614-623.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025215
Smith, T. S., McGuire, J. M., Abbott, D. W., & Blau, B. I. (1991). Clinical ethical decision making: An investigation of the rationales used to justify doing less than one believes one should. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 22(3), 235-239.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0735-7028.22.3.235
Shepherd, L., Salkovskis, P., & Morris, M. (2009). Recording therapy sessions: An evaluation of patient and therapist reported behaviours, attitudes and preferences. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37(2), 141-150.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809005190
Storey, J. (2016). Hurting the healers: Stalking and stalking-related behaviors perpetrated against counselors. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 47(4), 261-270.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000084
Walfish, S., McAlister, B., O’Donnell, P., & Lambert, M. J. (2012). An investigation of self-assessment bias in mental health providers. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 639-644.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/02.07.17.PR0.110.2.639-644
Wampold, B. E., & Brown, G. S. J. (2005). Estimating variability in outcomes attributable to therapists: a naturalistic study of outcomes in managed care. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(5), 914-923.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.73.5.914
Williams, E. (2003). The relationship between momentary states of therapist self-awareness and perceptions of the counseling process. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 33, 177-186.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023969502532
Williams, E. (2008). A psychotherapy researcher’s perspective on therapist self-awareness and self-focused attention after a decade of research. Psychotherapy Research, 18(2), 139-146.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300701691656
Wolf, A., Goldfried, M., & Muran, C. (2017). Therapist negative reactions: How to transform toxic experiences. In L. Castonguay & C. Hill (Eds.), How and Why Are Some Therapists Better Than Others? (pp. 175-192). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000034-011
How to Cite
Pereira, R., Pires, A. P., & Neto, D. (2024). Therapist self-awareness and perception of actual performance: the effects of listening to one recorded session. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2024.722
Copyright (c) 2024 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Rosaleen McElvaney, Andrina Monaghan, Christina Treacy, Naoise Delaney, Adolescents’ experiences of psychotherapy following child sexual abuse , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 2 (2023)
- Elizabeth Li, Chloe Campbell, Nick Midgley, Patrick Luyten, Epistemic trust: a comprehensive review of empirical insights and implications for developmental psychopathology , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 3 (2023)
- Tomáš Řiháček, Jan Roubal, Katarína Motalová, Facets of the psychotherapy relationship: a metaphorical approach , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2020)
- Giovanna Esposito, Viviana Perla, Raffaella Passeggia, Erik Fertuck, Erhard Mergenthaler, Reflective functioning and personal recovery process of users with borderline personality disorder on Instagram: an explorative study using computerized and thematic analysis , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2020)
- Federica Bonazza, Lidia Borghi, Eugenia Cao di San Marco, Kyrie Piscopo, Francesca Bai, Antonella d’Arminio Monforte, Elena Vegni, Psychological outcomes after hospitalization for COVID-19: data from a multidisciplinary follow-up screening program for recovered patients , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2020)
- Sandra Marie Reyno, Maria Simmons, Jackie Kinley, A meta-analytic study examining the relationship between alexithymia and dissociation in psychiatric and non-clinical populations , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020)
- Santo Di Nuovo, What research for what training in psychotherapy? Some methodological issues and a proposal , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2019)
- Andrzej Werbart, Siri Aldèn, Anders Diedrichs, Changes in the anaclitic-introjective personality configurations following psychoanalytic psychotherapy with young adults , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 1 (2017)
- Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, Giancarlo Dimaggio, Ana Nunes da Silva, Sophie Seromenho, Self-assessment of patterns of subjective experience: development and psychometric study of the States of Mind Questionnaire , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2020)
- Immacolata Zarrella, Luigi Alessandro Russolillo, Giorgio Caviglia, Raffaella Perrella, Continuity and discontinuity between psychopathology of childhood and adulthood: a review on retrospective and prospective studies , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 2 (2017)
<< < 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
