Interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Italian version and associations with psychopathology

Submitted: March 3, 2022
Accepted: July 7, 2022
Published: August 24, 2022
Abstract Views: 2519
PDF: 1469
Appendix: 424
HTML: 404
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.

Authors

The emerging field of interpersonal emotion regulation (IER) is drawing attention to forms of emotion regulation which involve communication and social interaction as part of the regulation process. The availability of instruments to measure IER in different languages represents significant promise for future work in this field. The goal of the present study was to validate an Italian adaptation of a self-report instrument for the assessment of IER, the Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ; Hofmann et al., 2016). In an Italian sample (N=448), exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses confirmed the original structure comprising four factors (Enhancing Positive Affect, Perspective Taking, Soothing and Social Modelling). Correlations with other measures of emotion regulation showed good convergent validity of the questionnaire.

Dimensions

Altmetric

PlumX Metrics

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Citations

Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
Balzarotti, S., John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2010). An Italian adaptation of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 61-67. doi:10.1027/1015-5759/a000009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000009
Barthel, A. L., Hay, A., Doan, S. N., & Hofmann, S. G. (2018). Interpersonal emotion regulation: A review of social and developmental components. Behaviour Change, 35(4), 203-216. doi:10.1017/bec.2018.19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/bec.2018.19
Berking, M., & Wupperman, P. (2012). Emotion regulation and mental health: Recent finding, current challenges, and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(2), 128-134. doi:10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e3283503669
Dadomo, H., Grecucci, A., Giardini, I., Ugolini, E., Carmelita, A., & Panzeri, M. (2016). Schema therapy for emotional dysregulation: Theoretical implication and clinical applications. Frontiers in Psychology, 7. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01987. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01987
Dadomo, H., Panzeri, M., Caponcello, D., Carmelita, A., & Grecucci, A. (2018). Schema therapy for emotional dysregulation in personality disorders: A review. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 31(1), 43-49. doi:10.1097/YCO.0000000000000380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000380
Dagnino, P., Pérez, C., Gómez, A., Gloger, S., & Krause, M. (2017). Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation?. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 20(1), 53-62. doi:10.4081/ripppo.2017.237. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2017.237
Derogatis, L. R., Lipman, R. S., & Covi, L. (1977). SCL-90. Administration, scoring and procedures manual-I for the R (revised) version and other instruments of the Psychopathology Rating Scales Series. Chicago: Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Di Riso, D., Colli, A., Chessa, D., Marogna, C., Condino, V., Lis, A., & Mannarini, S. (2011). A supportive approach in psychodynamic-oriented psychotherapy. An empirically supported single case study. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 14(1), 49-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2011.43
Dixon-Gordon, K. L., Haliczer, L. A., Conkey, L. C., & Whalen, D. J. (2018). Difficulties in interpersonal emotion regulation: Initial development and validation of a self-report measure. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 40(3), 528-549. doi:10.1007/s10862-018-9647-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-018-9647-9
Faustino, B., Vasco, A. B., Silva, A. N., & Marques, T. (2020). Relationships between emotional schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance on the regulation of psychological needs. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 23(2), 145-156. doi:10.4081/ripppo.2020.442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.442
Frederickson, J. J., Messina, I., & Grecucci, A. (2018). Dysregulated anxiety and dysregulating defenses: Toward an emotion regulation informed dynamic psychotherapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02054. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02054
Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. doi:10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Grecucci, A., Giorgetta, C., Bonini, N., & Sanfey, A. G. (2013). Living emotions, avoiding emotions: Behavioral investigation of the regulation of socially driven emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 3. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00616
Grecucci, A., Giorgetta, C., Bonini, N., & Sanfey, A. G. (2013). Reappraising social emotions: The role of inferior frontal gyrus, temporo-parietal junction and insula in interpersonal emotion regulation. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2013.00523
Grecucci, A., Giorgetta, C., van’t Wout, M., Bonini, N., & Sanfey, A. G. (2013). Reappraising the ultimatum: An fMRI study of emotion regulation and decision making. Cerebral Cortex, 23(2), 399-410. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs028. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs028
Grecucci, A., Messina, I., Amodeo, L., Lapomarda, G., Crescentini, C., Dadomo, H., Panzeri, M., Theuninck, A., & Frederickson, J. (2020). A Dual Route Model for Regulating Emotions: Comparing Models, Techniques and Biological Mechanisms. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00930. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00930
Grecucci, A., Messina, I., & Monachesi, B. (2021). La ricerca sulla regolazione emozionale: stato dell’arte e sviluppi futuri. Giornale italiano di psicologia, 48(3), 733-760. doi:10.1421/103763.
Grecucci, A., Sığırcı, H., Lapomarda, G., Amodeo, L., Messina, I., Frederickson, J. (2020). Anxiety Regulation: From Affective Neuroscience to Clinical Practice. Brain Sciences, 10(11): 846. doi:10.3390/brainsci10110846. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110846
Grecucci, A., Thneuick, A., Frederickson, J., Job, R. (2015). Mechanisms of social emotion regulation: from neuroscience to psychotherapy. In Bryant, M.L. (Ed.), ‘Handbook on Emotion Regulation: Processes, Cognitive Effects and Social Consequences’. Nova Publishing.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(2), 348-362. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348
Gross, J. J. (2008). Emotion regulation. Handbook of emotions, 3(3), 497-513.
Hofmann, S. G., Carpenter, J. K., & Curtiss, J. (2016). Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ): Scale development and psychometric characteristics. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 40(3), 341-356. doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9756-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-016-9756-2
Hu, T., Zhang, D., Wang, J., Mistry, R., Ran, G., & Wang, X. (2014). Relation between emotion regulation and mental health: A meta-analysis review. Psychological Reports, 114(2), 341-362. doi:10.2466/03.20.PR0.114k22w4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/03.20.PR0.114k22w4
Kohl, A., Rief, W., & Glombiewski, J. A. (2012). How effective are acceptance strategies? A meta-analytic review of experimental results. Journal of Behaviour Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 43(4), 988-1001. doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.03.004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.03.004
Marogna, C., & Caccamo, F. (2014). Analysis of the process in brief psychotherapy group: the role of therapeutic factors. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 17(1), 43-51. doi:10.4081/ripppo.2014.161. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2014.161
Messina, I., Calvo, V., Masaro, C., Ghedin, S., & Marogna, C. (2021) Interpersonal Emotion Regulation: From Research to Group Therapy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636919. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.636919
Messina, I., Grecucci, A., Marogna, C., & Calvo, V. (2020). Relational exposure and semantic processes as mechanisms of change in psychodynamic psychotherapy: Convergences between psychotherapy research and affective neuroscience. TPM-Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 27(1), 43-56.
Messina, I., Grecucci, A., & Viviani, R. (2021). Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 16(3), 257-267. doi:10.1093/scan/nsab007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab007
Messina, I., Scottà, F., Marchi, A., Benelli, E., Grecucci, A., & Sambin, M. (2021). Case Report: Individualization of Intensive Transactional Analysis Psychotherapy on the Basis of Ego Strength. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618762. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.618762
Messina, I., Spataro, P., Grecucci, A., Marogna, C., & Dixon-Gordon, K. (2022). Difficulties in Interpersonal Regulation of Emotions (DIRE) Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Italian Version and Associations with Psychopathological Symptoms. [In press]. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-022-09992-6
Pappaianni, E., De Pisapia, N., Siugzdaite, R., Crescentini, C., Calcagnì, A., Job, R., & Grecucci, A. (2020). Less is more: Morphometric and psychological differences between low and high reappraisers. Cognitive, Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience, 20(1), 128-140. doi:10.3758/s13415-019-00757-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-019-00757-5
Prunas, A., Sarno, I., Preti, E., Madeddu, F., & Perugini, M. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Italian version of the SCL-90-R: A study on a large community sample. European Psychiatry, 27(8), 591-597. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.12.006
Sheppes, G., & Gross, J. J. (2012). Emotion regulation effectiveness: What works when. Handbook of Psychology, Second Edition, 5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118133880.hop205018
Sighinolfi, C., Pala, A. N., Chiri, L. R., Marchetti, I., & Sica, C. (2010). Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Traduzione e adattamento Italiano=Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): The Italian translation and adaptation. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 16(2), 141-170.
Talia, A., Miller-Bottome, M., Wyner, R., Lilliengren, P., & Bate, J. (2019). Patients’ Adult Attachment Interview classification and their experience of the therapeutic relationship: are they associated?. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 22(2), 175-188. doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.361. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2019.361
Webb, T. L., Miles, E., & Sheeran, P. (2012). Dealing with feeling: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of strategies derived from the process model of emotion regulation. Psychological Bulletin, 138(4), 775-808. doi:10.1037/a0027600. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027600
Wenzlaff, R. M., & Wegner, D. M. (2000). Thought suppression. Annual Review of Psychology, 51, 59-91. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.51.1.59
Werner, K., & Gross, J. J. (2010). Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A conceptual framework. In A. M. Kring & D. M. Sloan (Eds.), Emotion regulation and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to etiology and treatment. (pp. 13-37). The Guilford Press.

How to Cite

Messina, I., Spataro, P., Grecucci, A., Moskow, D. M. ., Marogna, C., & Hofmann, S. G. . (2022). Interpersonal emotion regulation questionnaire: psychometric properties of the Italian version and associations with psychopathology. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.616