https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.586
Advancement in the child attachment interview and the child and adolescent reflective functioning scale using a PDM-2 framework: case reports
Submitted: September 16, 2021
Accepted: December 17, 2021
Published: March 4, 2022
Accepted: December 17, 2021
Abstract Views: 3207
PDF: 697
HTML: 25
HTML: 25
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
The Child Attachment Interview (CAI) is a well-established semi-structured interview, widely used to identify attachment representations in middle childhood and adolescence. The application of the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning Scale (CRFS) to CAI narratives allows for an assessment of child mentalization, considered a strong predictor of attachment security. The 2nd edition of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM-2) includes CAI and CRFS as valid and reliable assessment measures in order to assess the dominion of the Mental Functioning axis. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the informative power of CAI and CRFS for the overall understanding of mental functioning and personality in a PDM-2 framework. The present report includes the discussion of two clinical cases of school-aged children in applying the Psychodiagnostic Chart-Second Edition (PDC-2) to the CAI transcript. The first case concerns a young male, aged 10, suffering from Oppositional-Provocative Disorder (externalizing disorder), while the second case concerns a young female, aged 15, suffering from Somatic Symptoms Disorder (internalizing disorder). PDC-2 for children and adolescents was used. Data from the scoring of CAI and CRFS were combined with a systematic evaluation of the qualitative contents emerging from CAI transcripts. A detailed analysis suggests that both the CAI and CRFS are useful attachment-oriented measures, able to explore child’s mental states, and together with the application of PDC-2 they provide an essential contribution in the understanding of developmental psychopathology. Implications of this innovative approach for clinical assessment, treatment design, and interventions are further discussed.
Achenbach, T., & Rescorla, L. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA school age forms & profiles. Burlington: University of Vermont Research Center for Children Youth & Families.
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the Strange Situation. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum.
Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., Hill, J., Raste, Y., & Plumb, I. (2001). The ‘Reading the Mind in the Eyes’ Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 42(2), 241-251. doi:10.1017/S0021963001006643.
Bastianoni, C., Mora, S. C., De Gregorio, E., & Bizzi, F. (2020). Exploring adopted adolescents’ inner world through the lens of qualitative methodology. Children and Youth Services Review, 113, 104973. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.104973.
Bastianoni, C., Charpentier-Mora, S., Cavanna, D., & Bizzi, F. (2021). Adopted Adolescents Talk about the Mental States: a Qualitative Exploratory Study. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 9(2). doi:10.13129/2282-1619/mjcp-2956.
Bizzi, F. (2019). The quality of attachment in children with somatic symptom disorders and related disorders. Psicologia Clinica Dello Sviluppo, 23(1), 139-151. doi:10.1449/93137.
Bizzi, F., Cavanna, D., Castellano, R., & Pace, C. S. (2015). Children’s mental representations with respect to caregivers and post-traumatic symptomatology in somatic symptom disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders. Frontiers Psychology, 6, 1125. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01125.
Bizzi, F., Charpentier-Mora, S., Cavanna, D., Borelli, J. L., & Ensink, K. (2021a). Testing Children’s Mentalizing in Middle Childhood: Adopting the Child and Adolescent Reflective Functioning Scale with Clinical and Community Children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 1-14. doi:10.1007/s10826-021-02057-4.
Bizzi, F., Ensink, K., Borelli, J. L., Mora, S. C., & Cavanna, D. (2019). Attachment and reflective functioning in children with somatic symptom disorders and disruptive behaviour disorders. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(5), 705-717. doi:10.1007/s00787-018-1238-5.
Bizzi, F., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Castellano, R., & Cavanna, D. (2018). A multi-assessment approach to attachment in middle childhood and early adolescence in two clinical groups. Testing, Psychometrics, Methodology in Applied Psychology, 25(3), 409-427. doi:10.4473/TPM25.3.6.
Bizzi, F., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Castellano, R., San Martini, P., & Cavanna, D. (2021b). Psychometric Properties of the Child Attachment Interview in Italian Context: A Focus on Normative and Specific Clinical Groups in School-Aged Children. Psychological Reports, 124(1), 382-410. doi:10.1177/0033294120905515.
Bohanek, J. G., & Fivush, R. (2010). Personal narratives, well-being, and gender in adolescence. Cognitive Development, 25(4), 368-379. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.08.003.
Borelli, J. L., David, D. H., Crowley, M. J., & Mayes, L. C. (2010). Links between disorganized attachment classification and clinical symptoms in school-aged children. Journal of Child and Families Study, 19, 243-256. doi:10.1007/s10826-009-9292-8.
Bosmans, G., & Kerns, K. A. (2015). Attachment in middle childhood: Progress and prospects (Special issue: Attachment in middle childhood: Theoretical advances and new directions in an emerging field). New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 148, 1-14. doi:10.1002/cad.20100.
Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss: Volume I Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowlby, J. (1980). Attachment and loss: Volume III: Loss, sadness and depression. New York: Basic Books.
Bretherton, I. (1985). Attachment theory: Retrospect and prospect. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 3-35.
Carr, A. (2017). Social and emotional development in middle childhood. In D. Skuse, H. Bruce & L. Dowdney (Eds.), Child psychology and psychiatry: frameworks for clinical training and practice. 3rd ed. (pp. 83-90). London: Blackwell.
Cavanna, D., Bizzi, F., San Martini, P., & Castellano, R. (2018). Child Attachment Interview: A psychometric study of an Italian sample. Psicologia Clinica Dello Sviluppo, 22, 115-142. doi:10.1449/89588.
Corman, L. (1964). The Family Drawing Test in Medical-Pedagogical Practice. Paris: P.U.F. Paris.
Costa-Cordella S, Luyten P, Giraudo F, Mena F, Shmueli-Goetz Y, & Fonagy P. (2020). Attachment and stress in children with type 1 Diabetes and their mothers. Revista Chilena de Pediatria, 91(1), 68-75. doi:10.32641/rchped.v91i1.1197.
Crowell, J. A., Treboux, D., Gao, Y., Fyffe, C., Pan, H., & Waters, E. (2002). Assessing secure base behaviour in adulthood: Development of a measure, links to adult attachment representations and relations to couples’ communication and reports of relationships. Developmental Psychology, 38(5), 679-693. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.5.679.
Emde, R. N., Wolf, D. P., & Oppenheim, D. (Eds.). (2003). Revealing the inner worlds of young children: The MacArthur Story Stem Battery and parent-child narratives. New York: Oxford University Press.
Ensink, K. (2004). Assessing theory of mind, affective understanding and reflective functioning in primary school-aged children. London: University College London. Unpublished PhD Dissertation.
Ensink, K., Bégin, M., Normandin, L., & Fonagy, P. (2016). Maternal and child reflective functioning in the context of child sexual abuse: pathways to depression and externalising difficulties. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7, 30611 doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.30611.
Ensink, K., Bégin, M., Normandin, L., Godbout, N., & Fonagy, P. (2017). Mentalization and dissociation in the context of trauma: Implications for child psychopathology. Journal of Trauma Dissociation, 18, 11-30. doi:10.1080/15299732.2016.1172536.
Ensink, K., Normandin, L., Target, M., Fonagy, P., Sabourin, S., & Berthelot, N. (2015). Mentalization in children and mothers in the context of trauma: an initial study of the validity of the Child Reflective Functioning Scale. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(2), 203-217. doi:10.1111/bjdp.12074.
Ensink, K, Target, M. & Oandasan, C. (2013). Child reflective functioning scale scoring manual: for application to the Child Attachment Interview. London: Anna Freud Centre - University College London. [Unpublished manuscript].
Fearon, R. P., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., Van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. M., & Roisman, G. I. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children’s externalizing behaviour: a meta‐analytic study. Child Development, 81(2), 435-456. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x.
Feldman, R. (2017). The neurobiology of human attachments. Trends in Cognitive Science, 21, 80-99. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2016.11.007.
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York: Other Press.
Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., & Target, M. (2007). The parent-infant dyad and the construction of the subjective self. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(3‐4), 288-328. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01727.xPMID: 17355400.
Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2016). A multilevel perspective on the development of borderline personality disorder. In D. Cicchetti (Ed.), Developmental psychopathology: Maladaptation and psychopathology (pp. 726-792). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/9781119125556.devpsy317.
Fonagy, P., Steele, M., Moran, G., Steele, H., & Higgitt, A. (1991). Measuring the ghost in the nursery: a summary of the main findings of the Anna Freud Centre-University College, London Parent-Child Study. Bulletin of the Anna Freud Centre, 14(2), 115-131. doi:10.1177/000306519304100403.
Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (1997). Attachment and reflective function: their role in self-organization. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 679-700. doi:10.1017/S0954579497001399.
Fonagy, P., & Target, M. (2006). The mentalization-focused approach to self-pathology. Journal of Personality Disorders, 20(6), 544-576. doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.6.544.
Gazzillo, F., Lingiardi, V., Del Corno, F., Genova, F., Bornstein, R. F., Gordon, R. M., & McWilliams, N. (2015). Clinicians’ emotional responses and Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual adult personality disorders: A clinically relevant empirical investigation. Psychotherapy, 52, 238-246. doi:10.1037/a0038799.
George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult Attachment Interview. Berkeley: University of California. [Unpublished manuscript].
Glazebrook, K., Townsend, E., & Sayal, K. (2015). The role of attachment style in predicting repetition of adolescent self-harm: A longitudinal study. Suicide Life Threatening Behavior, 45, 664-678. doi:10.1111/sltb.12159.
Gordon, R. M., & Bornstein, R. F. (2015). The Psychodiagnostic Chart-2 (PDC-2) v. 8.1. doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.4022.1206.
Gordon, R. M., & Bornstein, R. F. (2018). Construct validity of the psychodiagnostic chart: A transdiagnostic measure of personality organization, personality syndromes, mental functioning, and symptomatology. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35, 280-288. doi:10.1037/pap0000142.
Groh, A. M., Roisman, G. I., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bakermans‐Kranenburg, M. J., & Fearon, R. P. (2012). The significance of insecure and disorganized attachment for children’s internalizing symptoms: A meta‐analytic study. Child Development, 83(2), 591-610. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2011.01711.x.
Hart, J. R., Venta, A., & Sharp, C. (2017). Attachment and thought problems in an adolescent inpatient sample: The mediational role of theory of mind. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 78, 38-47. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.07.002.
Holland, S., Dallos, R., & Olver, L. (2012). An exploration of young women’s experiences of living with excess weight. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17, 538-552. doi:10.1177/1359104511426411.
Hopwood, C. J., & Bornstein, R. F. (Eds.). (2014). Multimethod clinical assessment. New York: Guilford Publications.
Horowitz, M. J. (2018). Formulation as a basis for planning psychotherapy treatment. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
Jardin, C., Venta, A., Newlin, E., Ibarra, S., & Sharp, C. (2017). Secure attachment moderates the relation of sexual trauma with trauma symptoms among adolescents from an inpatient psychiatric facility. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 32(10), 1565-1585. doi:10.1177/0886260515589928.
Jewell, T., Gardner, T., Susi, K., Watchorn, K., Coopey, E., Simic, M., Fonagy, P., & Eisler, I. (2019). Attachment measures in middle childhood and adolescence: A systematic review of measurement properties. Clinical Psychology Review, 68, 71-82. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.12.004.
Kasen, S., Cohen, P., Skodol, A. E., First, M. B., Johnson, J. G., Brook, J. S. & Oldham, J. M. (2007), Comorbid personality disorder and treatment use in a community sample of youths: a 20-year follow-up. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 115, 56-65. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00842.x.
Kernberg, O. F. (2018). Commentary on the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition: What does the PDM-2 add to the current diagnostic panorama? Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35, 294-295. doi:10.1037/pap0000208.
Klagsbrun, M., & Bowlby, J. (1976). Responses to separation from parents: A clinical test for young children. British Journal of Projective Psychology & Personality Study, 21(2), 7-27.
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (Eds.). (2017). Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
Lingiardi, V., & McWilliams, N. (2018). Introduction to the Special Issue on the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 2nd Edition (PDM-2): The PDM: Yesterday, today, tomorrow. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35, 289-293. doi:10.1037/pap0000188.
Lingiardi, V., McWilliams N., & Speranza A.M. (2020). Manuale Diagnostico Psicodinamico
PDM-2: 0/18, Infanzia e Adolescenza. Milano: Raffaello Cortina.
Locati, F., De Carli, P., Lang, M., & Parolin, L. (2019). The flip side of collaborative alliance: a single-case study. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 22(2), 384. doi:10.4081/ripppo.2019.384.
Locati, F., De Carli, P., Tarasconi, E., Lang, M., & Parolin, L. (2016). Beyond the mask of deference: exploring the relationship between ruptures and transference in a single-case study. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 19(2). doi:10.4081/rippo.2016.212.
Long, M., Verbeke, W., Ein-Dor, T., & Vrtička, P. (2020). A functional neuro-anatomical model of human attachment (NAMA): Insights from first-and second-person social neuroscience. Cortex, 126, 281-321. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.010.
Luborsky, L., & Crits-Christoph, P. (1990). Understanding transference: The CCRT method. New York: Basic Books.
Luyten, P., Campbell, C., Allison, E., & Fonagy, P. (2020). The mentalizing approach to psychopathology: State of the art and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 16, 297-325. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-071919-015355.
Luyten, P., & Fonagy, P. (2018). The stress-reward-mentalizing model of depression: An integrative developmental cascade approach to child and adolescent depressive disorder based on the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) approach. Clinical Psychology Review, 64, 87-98. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.09.008.
Luyten, P., Mayes, L. C., Nijssens, L., & Fonagy, P. (2017). The parental reflective functioning questionnaire: Development and preliminary validation. PLoS One, 12(5), e0176218. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176218.
Lyons-Ruth, K., Bronfman, E., & Parsons, E. (1999). Atypical attachment in infancy and early childhood among children at developmental risk. IV. Maternal frightened, frightening, or atypical behaviour and disorganized infant attachment patterns. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 64(3), 67-96. doi:10.1111/1540-5834.00034.
Lyons-Ruth, K., Yellin, C., Melnick, S., & Atwood, G. (2003). Childhood experience of trauma and loss have different relations ot maternal unresolved and Hostile-Helpless states of mind on the AAI. Attachment and Human Development, 5(4), 330-352. doi:10.1080/14616730310001633410.
Madigan, S., Brumariu, L. E., Villani, V., Atkinson, L., & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2016). Representational and questionnaire measures of attachment: A meta-analysis of relations to child internalizing and externalizing problems. Psychological Bulletin, 142(4), 367-399. doi:10.1037/bul0000029.
Malberg, N., Rosenberg, L., & Malone, J. C. (2017). Emerging personality patterns and difficulties in childhood. Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, Second Edition: PDM-2, 501-539. doi:10.1002/wps.20233.
Malone, J. C., Piacentini, E., & Speranza, M. (2018). Reclaiming the developmental lens for adolescent formulation and diagnosis: Application of the PDM-2 to clinical cases. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 35(3), 339. doi:10.1037/pap0000194.
March, J.S., Parker, J.D., Sullivan, K., Stallings, P., & Conners, C.K. (1997). The Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36(4), 554-65. doi:10.1097/00004583-199704000-00019.
Midgley, N., Ensink, K., Lindqvist, K., Malberg, N., & Muller, N. (2017). Mentalization-based treatment for children: A time-limited approach. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Norcross, J.C., & Wampold, B.E. (2011). Evidence-based therapy relationships: research conclusions and clinical practices. Psychotherapy. 48(1), 98-102. doi:10.1037/a0022161.
Patriarca, E., Brusadelli, E., & Grenyer, B. F. S. (2020). A Bridge Between Person-Based Versus Symptom-Based Nosology: A Clinical Case Study Using the Psychodiagnostic Chart-2. Psychoanalytic Psychology. doi:10.1037/pap0000308.
Privizzini, A. (2017). The child attachment interview: A narrative review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 384. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00384.
Rasmussen, P. D., Bilenberg, N., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Simonsen, E., Bojesen, A. B., & Storebø, O. J. (2019). Attachment representations in mothers and their children diagnosed with ADHD: Distribution, transmission, and impact on treatment outcome. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1018-1028. doi:10.1007/s10826-019-01344-5.
Rennie, D.L. (1994). Clients deference in psychotherapy. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 41, 427-437.
Salcuni, S., Di Riso, D., & Lis, A. (2014). ‘A child’s nightmare. Mum comes and comforts her child.’ Attachment evaluation as a guide in the assessment and treatment in a clinical case study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 912. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00912.
Shai, D., & Belsky, J. (2017). Parental embodied mentalizing: How the nonverbal dance between parents and infants predicts children’s socio-emotional functioning. Attachment & Human Development, 19(2), 191-219. doi:10.1080/14616734.2016.1255653.
Sharp, C., & Rossouw, T. (2019). Borderline personality pathology in adolescence. Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice, 281-300. Berlin: Karger Publishers.
Shmueli-Goetz, Y., Target, M., Fonagy, P., & Datta, A. (2008). The Child Attachment Interview: A psychometric study of reliability and discriminant validity. Developmental Psychology, 44, 939-956. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.44 .4.939.
Steele, H., & Steele, M. (2005). The Construct of Coherence as an Indicator of Attachment Security in Middle Childhood: The Friends and Family Interview. In K. A. Kerns & R. A. Richardson (Eds.), Attachment in middle childhood (pp. 137-160). New York: The Guilford Press.
Sroufe, L. A. (1990). Considering normal and abnormal together: The essence of developmental psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 2(4), 335-347.
Tanzilli, A., Di Giuseppe, M., Giovanardi, G., Boldrini, T., Caviglia, G., Conversano, C., & Lingiardi, V. (2021). Mentalization, attachment, and defense mechanisms: a Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2-oriented empirical investigation. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process, and Outcome, 24(1). doi:10.4081/ripppo.2021.531.
Tessier, V. P., Normandin, L., Ensink, K., & Fonagy, P. (2016). Fact or fiction? A longitudinal study of play and the development of reflective functioning. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 80(1), 60-79. doi:10.1521/bumc.2016.80.1.60.
Vanwoerden, S., Greiner, I., Ensink, K., & Sharp, C. (2019). The relations between self-and caregiver-focused reflective function and theory of mind in the context of borderline pathology in adolescence. Psychiatry Research, 273, 274-280. doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.042.
Venta, A., Shmueli-Goetz, Y., & Sharp, C. (2014a). Assessing attachment in adolescence: A psychometric study of the Child Attachment Interview. Psychological Assessment, 26, 238-255. doi:10.1037/a0034712.
Venta, A., & Sharp, C. (2014b). Attachment organization in suicide prevention research preliminary findings and future directions in a sample of inpatient adolescents. Crisis, 35, 60-66. doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000231.
Vrouva, I. & Fonagy, P. (2009). Development of the Mentalizing Stories for Adolescents (MSA). Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 57, 1174-1179.
Vrouva, I., Target, M., & Ensink, K. (2012). Measuring mentalization in children and young people. In N. Midgley & I. Vrouva (Eds.), Minding the child: Mentalization-based interventions with children, young people and their families (pp. 54-76). London: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group.
Wechsler, D. (2003). Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Fourth edition (WISC-IV). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
How to Cite
Bizzi, F., Locati, F., Parolin, L., Goetz Yael, S., & Brusadelli, E. (2022). Advancement in the child attachment interview and the child and adolescent reflective functioning scale using a PDM-2 framework: case reports. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 25(1). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2022.586
Copyright (c) 2022 the Author(s)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Zelda Gillian Knight, I am surrounded by death: death as a defining psychic issue within a relational psychoanalytic engagement and the impact of the therapist’s relationship with death , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 2 (2019)
- Rachele Mariani, Alessandra De Coro, Study of a Short-term Treatment by Referential Activity Linguistic Measures , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 16 No. 1 (2013)
- Alessandro Gennaro, Miguel Goncalves, Inès Mendes, Antònio Ribeiro, Sergio Salvatore, Dynamics of sense-making and development of the narrative in the clinical exchange , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 14 No. 1 (2011)
- Carrie Way, Carolien Lamers, Renee Rickard, An unavoidable bump: A meta-synthesis of psychotherapists’ experiences of navigating therapy while pregnant , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2019)
- Irene Messina, Salvatore Gullo, Omar Carlo Gioacchino Gelo, Cecilia Giordano, Silvia Salcuni, An overview of the Italian contribution to the international multisite SPRISTAD study on psychotherapy training , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 3 (2019)
- Raffaele Popolo, Angus MacBeth, Stefano Brunello, Flaviano Canfora, Ercan Ozdemir, Daniela Rebecchi, Cecilia Toselli, Gloria Venturelli, Giampaolo Salvatore, Giancarlo Dimaggio, Metacognitive interpersonal therapy in group: a feasibility study , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 3 (2018)
- Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, Ana Nunes Silva, Telma Marques, Relationships between emotional schemas, mindfulness, self-compassion and unconditional self-acceptance on the regulation of psychological needs , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 2 (2020)
- Silvia Salcuni, Vittorio Lingiardi, Free research contributions during pandemic period: research is still alive , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 1 (2021)
- Francesca Pierazzuoli, Elisa Gatti, Maria Rosa Castelli, Giuseppe Primerano, Osmano Oasi, Giacomo Tognasso, Livio Finos, Alessandra Santona, Psychological factors of sibling caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders: an observational study , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 1 (2020)
- Elsa Ronningstam, Mark Schechter, Benjamin Herbstman, Mark Goldbalatt, Chronic suicidal ideations: a risk or a protection , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Online Advance Publication
<< < 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
