https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.496
How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation
Submitted: September 9, 2020
Accepted: November 26, 2020
Published: January 14, 2021
Accepted: November 26, 2020
Abstract Views: 4546
PDF: 1177
HTML: 20
HTML: 20
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
In the unique context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers and clinicians alike drew attention to the risks involved by physical and social isolation for mental health. Factors like resilience, gender, urban/rural environment, or preexisting anxiety can impact anxious states produced by home forced isolation. Based on these, we assumed that: i) there are significant differences in the level of anxiety (state) during the pandemic, depending on the living area of the subjects; ii) gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between resilience and anxiety; and iii) anxiety (trait), experiential avoidance, resilience, and family connectedness, determine the level of anxiety (state). The MemoryLab team conducted the present study on 495 subjects (n=411 women, age between 18 and 65). Of these, 350 live in large and medium urban areas, 63 in small urban areas, and 82 in rural areas. As instruments, we used The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI 2.0), The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire 2 (AAQ-2), The Aggression Questionnaire (AQ), The Family Connectedness Questionnaire, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10 (CD-RISC-10), as well as the standard division of living areas according to community size. Data collection took place online during the spring peak of the pandemic. According to ANOVA analysis, people living in small urban areas have a higher level of anxiety. The difference is significant compared to those living in large and medium cities and villages. Gender has no moderating role in the relationship between resilience and the anxiety state. Also, experiential avoidance, anxiety (trait), and resilience play a significant role on the level of anxiety (state), measured during social isolation. The results could be an important indicator for understanding psychological mechanisms guiding interventions to support the communities effectively.
Ajilore, O. (2020). Rural America is starting to feel the impact of the coronavirus. Center for American Progress. Available from: https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/economy/reports/2020/04/28/484016/rural-america-starting-feel-impactcoronavirus/
American Psychological Association (APA). (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19. Available from: https://www.apa.org/topics/COVID-19/psychological-impact
Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z., Glaeser, E.L., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and expectations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117 (30), 17656-17666. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2006991117.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2006991117
Bekker, M. H. J., & van Mens-Verhulst, J. (2007). Anxiety disorders: sex differences in prevalence, degree, and background, but gender-neutral treatment. Gender Medicine, 4(2), 178-193. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80057-X.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1550-8579(07)80057-X
Bennett, S. A. (1983). Patient perspective - psychological effects of barrier nursing isolation. Australian Nursing Journal, 12(10), 36-37.
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II: A revised measure of psychological inflexibility and experiential avoidance. Behaviour Therapy, 42, 676-688. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.007
Boulanger, J. L., Hayes, S. C., & Pistorello, J. (2010). Experiential avoidance as a functional contextual concept. In Kring, A.M., & Sloan, D.M. (Eds.), Emotion regulation, and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic approach to aetiology and treatment (pp. 107-136). New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
Campbell-Sills, L., Forde, D. R., & Stein, M. B. (2009). Demographic and childhood environmental predictors of resilience in a community sample. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(12), 1007-1012. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.01.013
Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 112934. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934
Chawla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of clinical psychology, 63(9), 871-890. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20400
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20400
Chew, Q. H., Wei, K. C., Vasoo, S., Chua, H. C., & Sim, K. (2020). Narrative synthesis of psychological and coping responses towards emerging infectious disease outbreaks in the general population: practical considerations for the COVID-19 pandemic. Singapore medical journal, 61(7), 350-356. doi: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020046
DOI: https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2020046
Cohen-Cline, H., Turkheimer, E., & Duncan, G. E. (2015). Access to green space, physical activity, and mental health: a twin study. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 69(6), 523-529. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204667
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204667
Comisia Națională pentru Statistică și Prognoză (CNSP) [National Board of Strategy and Prognosis]. (2019). Proiecţia principalilor indicatori economico-sociali în PROFIL TERITORIAL până în 2023. Available from: http://www.cnp.ro/user/repository/prognoze/Prognoza_profil_teritorial_toamna_2019.pdf
Connor, K. M., & Zhang, W. (2006). Resilience: Determinants, measurement, and treatment responsiveness. CNS spectrums, 11(S12), 5-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900025797
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852900025797
Cowling, B. J., Ng, D. M. W., Ip, D. K. M., Liao, Q., Lam, W. W. T., Wu, J. T., Lau, J. T. F., Griffiths, S. M., & Fielding, R. (2010). Community psychological and behavioural responses through the first wave of the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic in Hong Kong. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 202(6), 867-876. doi: https://doi.org/10.1086/655811
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/655811
de Vries, S., Verheij, R. A., Groenewegen, P. P., & Spreeuwenberg, P. (2003). Natural Environments-Healthy Environments? An Exploratory Analysis of the Relationship between Greenspace and Health. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 35(10), 1717-1731. doi: https://doi.org/10.1068/a35111
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1068/a35111
Douglas, M., Katikireddi, S. V., Taulbut, M., McKee, M., & Mc-Cartney, G. (2020). Mitigating the wider health effects of COVID-19 pandemic response. British Medical Journal, 369, 1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1557
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1557
Eisenberg, M. E., & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Youth: The Role of Protective Factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(5), 662-668. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2006.04.024
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Pieterse, M. E. (2010). Does experiential avoidance mediate the effects of maladaptive coping styles on psychopathology and mental health? Behaviour Modification, 34(6), 503-519. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445510378379
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445510378379
Haddadi, P., & Besharat, M. A. (2010). Resilience, vulnerability, and mental health. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 639-642. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.157
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.157
Hankin, B.L., Mermelstein, R., & Roesch, L. (2007). Sex differences in adolescent depression: stress exposure and reactivity models. Child Development, 78(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624 .2007.00997.x
Hardway, C., & Fuligni, A. J. (2006). Dimensions of family connectedness among adolescents with Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Developmental Psychology, 42(6), 1246-1258. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1246
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.42.6.1246
Hegberg, N. J., & Tone, E. B. (2015). Physical activity and stress resilience: Considering those at-risk for developing mental health problems. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 8, 1-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.10.001
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2014.10.001
Hesketh, T., & Ding, Q. J. (2005). Anxiety and depression in adolescents in urban and rural China. Psychological Reports, 96(2), 435-444. doi: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.435-444
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.2.435-444
Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C., & Kenneth S., & Kendler, K. S. (2001). A review and meta-analysis of the genetic epidemiology of anxiety disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(10), 1568-1578. doi: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568
Huang, Y., & Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality during the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 112954. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112954
Iglesias, M. E. L., de Bengoa Vallejo, R. B., Salvadores Fuentes, P. (2010). The relationship between experiential avoidance and burnout syndrome in critical care nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(1), 30-37. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.06.014.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.06.014
INS (National Institute of Statistics). (2020). Starea economică şi socială a României 2017 şi 2018 - Date statistice. Available from: https://insse.ro/cms/sites/default/files/field/publicatii/starea_economica_si_sociala_a_romaniei_2020.pdf
Jacobson, K. C., & Rowe, D. C. (1999). Genetic and environmental influences on the relationships between family connectedness, school connectedness, and adolescent depressed mood: Sex differences. Developmental Psychology, 35(4), 926-939. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.926
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.4.926
James, P., Hart, J. E., Banay, R. F., & Laden, F. (2016). Exposure to greenness and mortality in a nationwide prospective cohort study of women. Environmental health perspectives, 124(9), 1344-1352. doi: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510363
Lamond, A. J., Depp, C. A., Allison, M., Langer, R., Reichstadt, J., Moore, D. J. (2008). Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(2), 148-154. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.007
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.03.007
Law 351/ 6.07.2001. Available from: http://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocument/29780
Leal, P. C., Goes, T. C., da Silva, L. C. F., & Teixeira-Silva, F. (2017). Trait vs state anxiety in different threatening situations. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 39(3), 147-157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0044
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0044
Lister, R. G. (1990). Ethologically-based animal models of anxiety disorders. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 46(3), 321-340. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90021-S
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90021-S
Luo, M., Guo, L., Yu, M., Jiang, W., & Wang, H. (2020). The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113190. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190
Madhav, N., Oppenheim, B., Gallivan, M., Mulembakani, P., Rubin, E., & Wolfe, N. (2017). Chapter 17. Pandemics: risks, impacts, and mitigation. In: Jamison, D. T., Gelband, H., Horton S, Jha, P., Laxminarayan, R., Mock, G. N. & Nugent, R. (Eds). Disease control priorities: improving health and reducing poverty. 3rd edition. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank. doi: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch17
Mahoney, C. T., Segal, D. L., & Coolidge, F. L. (2015). Anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and mindfulness among younger and older adults: age differences in risk factors for anxiety symptoms. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 81(4), 217-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415015621309.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415015621309
Malaquias, S., Crespo, C., & Francisco, R. (2015). How do adolescents benefit from family rituals? Links to social connectedness, depression, and anxiety. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(10), 3009-3017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0104-4.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-014-0104-4
McKee-Ryan, F., Song, Z., Wanberg, C. R., & Kinicki, A. J. (2005). Psychological and physical well-being during unemployment: a meta-analytic study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 53. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.53
McKenzie, K., Murray, A., & Booth, T. (2013). Do urban environments increase the risk of anxiety, depression, and psychosis? An epidemiological study. Journal of affective disorders, 150(3), 1019-1024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.032
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.032
Min, J. A., Lee, N. B., Lee, C. U., Lee, C., & Chae, J. H. (2012). Low trait anxiety, high resilience, and their interaction as possible predictors for treatment response in patients with depression. Journal of affective disorders, 137(1-3), 61-69. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2011.12.026
Minnesota Student Survey (2004). Available from: https://www.health.state.mn.us/data/mchs/surveys/mss/docs/countytables/countycover04.pdf
Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during the COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 1-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076
Pagel, J. I., & Choukèr, A. (2016). Effects of isolation and confinement on humans-implications for manned space explorations. Journal of Applied Physiology, 120 (12), 1449-1457. doi: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00928.2015
Roya, A. (2017). Mediating role of interpersonal problems in the relationship between experiential avoidance with depression and anxiety. Journal of Applied Psychology, 4(40), 523-542.
Sanad, H. M. (2019). Stress and anxiety among junior nursing students during the initial clinical Training: a descriptive study at college of health sciences. American Journal of Nursing Research, 7(6), 995-999. doi: 10.12691/ajnr-7-6-13
Saviola, F., Pappaianni, E., Monti, A., Gregucci, A., Jovicich, J., & De Pisapia, N. (2020). Trait and state anxiety are mapped differently in the human brain. Scientific Reports, 10(1). doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68008-z
Savitsky, B., Findling, Y., Ereli, A., & Hendel, T. (2020). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice, 102809. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809
Schiele, M. A., & Domschke, K. (2018). Epigenetics at the crossroads between genes, environment and resilience in anxiety disorders. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 17, 1-15. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12423
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/gbb.12423
Shi, R., Zhang, S., Zhang, Q., Fu, S., Wang, Z. (2016). Experienial avoidance mediates the association between emotion regulation abilities and loneliness. PLoS One, 11(12):e0168536. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168536
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168536
Southwick, S. M., Vythilingam, M., & Charney, D. S. (2005). The psychobiology of depression and resilience to stress: implications for prevention and treatment. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 1, 255-291. doi: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.1.102803.143948
Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults (STAI-AD). doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t06496-000
Sylvester, C. M., Corbetta, M., Raichle, M. E., Rodebaugh, T., Schlaggar, B. L., Sheline, Y. I., Zorumski, C. F., & Lenze, E. J. (2012). Functional network dysfunction in anxiety and anxiety disorders. Trends in Neuroscience, 35(9), 527-535. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.012
Taquet., M., Luciano, S., Geddes, J. R., & Harrison, P. J. (2020). Bidirectional associations between COVID-19 and psychiatric disorder: retrospective cohort studies of 62 354 COVID-19 cases in the USA. The Lancet - Psychiatry. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/ S2215-0366(20)30462-4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30462-4
Thompson, C. W., Roe, J., Aspinall, P., Mitchell, R., Clow, A., & Miller, D. (2012). More green space is linked to less stress in deprived communities: Evidence from salivary cortisol patterns. Landscape and urban planning, 105(3), 221-229. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.12.015
To, K. K. W., Hung, I. F. N., Ip, J. D., Chu, A. W. H., Chan, W. M., Tam, A. R., Fong, C. H. Y., Yuan, S., Tsoi, H. W., Ng, A. C. K., Lee, L. L. Y., Wan, P., Tso, E., Wing-Kin To, W. K., Tsang, D., Chan, K. Y., Huang, J. D., Kok, K. H., Cheng, V. C. C., Yuen, K. Y. (2020). COVID-19 reinfection by a phylogenetically distinct SARS-coronavirus-2 strain confirmed by whole-genome sequencing. Clinical Infectious Diseases [published online ahead of print, 2020 Aug 25], ciaa1275. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1275
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1275
Verheij, R. A. (1996). Explaining urban-rural variations in health: A review of interactions between individual and environment. Social Science & Medicine, 42(60), 923-935. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00190-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0277-9536(95)00190-5
Wainer, J., & Chesters, J. (2000). Rural mental health: neither romanticism nor despair. The Australian Journal of Rural Health, 8, 141-147. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2000.00304.x
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1584.2000.00304.x
Walters, K., Breeze, E., Wilkinson, P., Price, G. M., Bulpitt, C. J., & Fletcher, A. (2004). Local area deprivation and urbanrural differences in anxiety and depression among people older than 75 years in Britain. American Journal of Public Health, 94(10), 1768-1774. doi: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1768
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.94.10.1768
Ward, D. (2000). Infection control: reducing the psychologicalveffects of isolation. British Journal of Nursing, 9(3), 162-170. doi: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2000.9.3.162
DOI: https://doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2000.9.3.162
Wheaton, M. G., Deacon, B. J., McGrath, P. B., Berman, N. C., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2012). Dimensions of anxiety sensitivity in the anxiety disorders: Evaluation of the ASI-3. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26(3), 401-408. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.002
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.01.002
White, M. P., Alcock, I., Wheeler, B. W., & Depledge, M. H. (2013). Would you be happier living in a greener urban area? A fixed-effects analysis of panel data. Psychological Science, 24(6), 920-928. doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612464659
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612464659
Zerbe M. B., Parkerson, S. G., & Spitzer, T. (1994). Laminar airflow versus reverse isolation: nurses’ assessments of moods, behavior, and activity levels in patients receiving bone marrow transplants. Oncology Nursing Forum, 21(3), 565-568. doi: https://europepmc.org/article/med/8052552
Zhang, M., Zhang, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, L., & Feng, D. (2018). Prevalence of psychological distress and the effects of resilience and perceived social support among Chinese college students: Does gender make a difference? Psychiatry Research, 267, 409-413. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.038
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.038
How to Cite
Rotărescu, V. S., Matei, D. B., Mircea, I. A., Mirescu, A. M., Nedelescu, B. G., Nedelea, . D. G., … Tudor, L. C. (2021). How anxious did you feel during lockdown? The roles resilience, living environment, and gender play on the level of anxiety state during pandemic isolation. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.496
Copyright (c) 2020 Violeta Stefania Rotărescu, Diana Bianca Matei, Ioana Alexandra Mircea, Andreea Maria Mirescu, Bogdan George Nedelescu, Daniela Georgiana Nedelea, Alexandra Nicoleta Raluca Neagu, Alexandru George Necșulescu, Gabriel Angelo Oteșanu, Lucian Constantin Tudor
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Immacolata Zarrella, Luigi Alessandro Russolillo, Giorgio Caviglia, Raffaella Perrella, Continuity and discontinuity between psychopathology of childhood and adulthood: a review on retrospective and prospective studies , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 2 (2017)
- John E. Lothes II, Kirk D. Mochrie, Emalee J.W. Quickel, Jane St. John, Evaluation of a dialectical behavior therapy-informed partial hospital program: outcome data and exploratory analyses , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 19 No. 2 (2016)
- Emanuela Brusadelli, Christian Schubert, Silvia Salcuni, Facing the coronavirus pandemic era , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 3 (2020)
- Cristina Marogna, Chiara Masaro, Vincenzo Calvo, Simona Ghedin, Floriana Caccamo, The extended unconscious group field and metabolization of pandemic experience: dreaming together to keep cohesion alive , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 25 No. 3 (2022): SPECIAL ISSUE: "Group psychotherapy: between settled benchmarks and new horizons"
- Gabriela Pap, Fritz Lackinger, Gerhard Kamp, Henriette Löffler-Stastka, Analysis of a dream series by the Dream Coding System developed by Ulrich Moser , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 2 (2021): SPECIAL ISSUE "Working on dreams, from psychotherapy to neuroscience"
- Chiara Rossi, Francesca De Salve, Martina Agliati, Osmano Oasi , Coping strategies and mental health: A web-based survey among the Italian population dealing with COVID-19 , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 25 No. 2 (2022)
- CV Vijayapriya, Rameshbabu Tamarana, Effectiveness of internet-delivered dialectical behavior therapy skills training on executive functions among college students with borderline personality traits: a non-randomized controlled trial , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 3 (2023)
- Vera Békés, Claire J. Starrs, J. Christopher Perry, Tracy A. Prout, Ciro Conversano, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Defense mechanisms are associated with mental health symptoms across six countries , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 26 No. 3 (2023)
- Claudia Capella, Loreto Rodríguez, Estrella Azócar, Ximena Lama, Lucía Núñez, Daniela Águila, Camila Gomez, Macarena Espeleta, Vania Vasquez, Psychotherapeutic change in children and adolescents who have been sexually abused: a model from participants’ perspectives , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 25 No. 1 (2022)
- Paula Dagnino, Carola Pèrez, Adriana Gòmez, Sergio Gloger, Mariane Krause, Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation? , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 1 (2017)
<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
