https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.465
Self-assessment of patterns of subjective experience: development and psychometric study of the States of Mind Questionnaire
Submitted: May 25, 2020
Accepted: September 12, 2020
Published: January 20, 2021
Accepted: September 12, 2020
Abstract Views: 1357
PDF: 593
HTML: 17
HTML: 17
Publisher's note
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Any product that may be evaluated in this article or claim that may be made by its manufacturer is not guaranteed or endorsed by the publisher.
Authors
States of mind are forms of subjective experience that involve cognitions, emotions, needs, desires and physical sensations, subjectively, some charged with emotional suffering and some charged with well-being. This study presents a new questionnaire designed of States of Mind Questionnaire (SMQ), focused on the self-assessment of recurring patterns of subjective experience. We first review the literature leading to the development of SMQ and then we investigate its psychometric properties. We conducted an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), internal reliability, inter-correlations between subscales, test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity. Finally, we explored the relationship between states of mind and symptoms. The sample was composed of 427 individuals (M age=32; SD=11.49). EFA did not showed a theoretically coherent structure. Internal consistency was good for the 24 subscales (Cronbach’s α of 0.62 to 0.96) and test-retest reliability was adequate. States of mind converged and diverged with maladaptive schemas and predicted symptomatology. Overall results indicate that SMQ may be a valuable tool to help clinicians and patients to assess different and diverse states of mind. However, more research it is required to explore and enhance SMQ psychometric properties in non-clinical clinical groups and in psychotherapy outcomes.
Arntz, A., Klokman, J. & Sieswerda, S. (2005). An experimental test of the schema mode model of borderline personality disorder. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 36: 226-239.
Bamelis, L.L.M., Renner, F., Heidkamp, D., & Arntz, A. (2011) Extended schema mode Conceptualizations for specific personality disorders: an empirical study. Journal of Personality Disorders, 25, (1), 41-58.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2011.25.1.41
Bannister, D. (Ed.). New perspectives in personal construct theory. New York: Academic, 1977.
Carcione, A., Semerari, A., Dimaggio, D., & M., Nicolo. (2005). States of mind and metacognitive dysfunctions are different in the various personality disorders: a reply to Ryle. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. 12, 367-373.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.462
Canavarro, M. C. (1999). Inventário de sintomas psicopatológicos – BSI. In M. R. Simões, M. Gonçalves, L. S. Almeida (Eds.), Testes e Provas Psicológicas em Portugal (Vol. II, pp.95-109). [Inventory of psychopathological symptoms]. Braga: APPORT/SHO.
Conceição, N. & Vasco, A. B. (2005). Olhar para as necessidades do Self como o boi olha para um palácio: Perplexidades e Fascínio. [Look at the needs of the Self as the ox looks at a palace: Perplexities and Fascination]. Psychologica. 40, 11-36.
Derogatis, L. R. (1993). BSI: Brief symptom inventory (3rd edn.). Minneapolis: National Computers Systems.
Dimaggio, G., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., Nicolo, G., & Procacci, M. (2007). Psychotherapy of personality disorders:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203939536
Metacognition, states of mind and interpersonal cycles. London: Routledge.
Dimaggio, G., Nicolò, G., Fiore, D., Centenero, E., Semerari, A., Carcione, A., & Pedone, R. (2008). States of minds in narcissistic personality disorder: Three psychotherapies analyzed using the grid of problematic states. Psychotherapy Research. 18(4), 466-480.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300701881877
Dimaggio, G., Montano, A., Popolo, R., & Salvatore, G. (2015). Metacognitive interpersonal therapy for personality disorders: A treatment manual. London, UK: Routeledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315744124
Enders, C. K. (2010). Applied Missing Data Analysis. New York, NY: The Guildford Press.
Faustino, B., Fonseca, I., Antonio, A. B., Baião, M., Lopes, P., & Oliveira (2019). Esquemas Precoces Mal-adaptativos e Dificuldades Emocionais na Regulação das Necessidades Psicológicas: Um estudo com indicadores comportamentais. [Early Maladaptive Schemas and Emotional Difficulties on Regulation of Psychological Needs: A study with behavioral indicators]. Revista de Psicossomática, 4, 15-22.
Faustino B. (2020). Transdiagnostic perspective on psychological inflexibility and emotional dysregulation. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 1-14. Advance online publication.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465820000600
Faustino, B., & Vasco, A. B. (2020a). Schematic functioning, interpersonal dysfunctional cycles and cognitive fusion in the complementary paradigmatic perspective: Analysis of a clinical sample. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1(50), 47-55.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-019-09422-x
Faustino, B., & Vasco, A. B. (2020b). Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive fusion on the regulation of psychological needs. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 1(50), 105-112.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-019-09446-3
Faustino, B., & Vasco, A. B. (2020c). Relationships between emotional processing difficulties and early maladaptive
schemas on the regulation of psychological needs. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy.Advance online publication.
Feixas, G., Geldschläger, H., Neimeyer, R. A. 2002. Content analysis of personal constructs. Journal of Constructivist Psychology, 15, 1-20.
Fredrickson, B. L., & Joiner, T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychological Science. 13, 172-175.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00431
Garland, E. L., Fredrickson, B., Kring, A. M., Johnson, D. P., Meyer, P. S., & Penn, D. L. (2010). Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from thebroaden-and-build theory and affective
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.002
neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 16.
Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion focused therapy: distinctive features. The CBT distinctive features series. London; New York: Routledge.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203851197
Glenn, T., & Monteith, S. (2014). Privacy in the digital world: medical and health data outside of HIPAA protections. Current psychiatry reports, 16(11), 494.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11920-014-0494-4
Greenberg, L. S. (2015). Emotion-focused therapy: coaching clients to work through their feelings. 2º ed. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Greenberg, L. S. (2017). Emotion-Focused Therapy: Revisioned Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/15971-000
Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy: the process and practice of
mindful change (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Horowitz, M. J. (1987). States of mind: configurational analysis of individual psychology. (2nd ed). New York: Plenum
Press.
Horowitz, M. J. (1991). States, schemas, and control: General theories for psychotherapy integration. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 1, 85-102.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/h0101226
John, O. P., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation. In J. J. Gross (Ed.), Handbook of emotion regulation (pp. 351-372). The Guilford Press.
Kelly, G. A. (1955). The psychology of personal constructs: A theory of personality. London: Routledge.
Liotti, G. & Gilbert, P. (2011). Mentalizing, motivation, and social mentalities: theoretical considerations and implications for psychotherapy. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84: 9-25.
Lobbestael, J., van Vreeswijk, M., & Arntz, A. (2008). An empirical test of schema mode conceptualizations in personality disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 854-860.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.03.006
Lobbestael, J., van Vreeswijk, M., Spinhoven, P., Schouten, E., & Arntz, A. (2010). Reliability and validity of the short schema mode inventory (SMI). Behavioral and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 437-458.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465810000226
Neimeyer, R.A., & Mahoney, M.J. (eds). (1995). Constructivism in psychotherapy. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/10170-000
Pereira, M. B. (2009). Inventário de Modos Esquemáticos: Estudos psicométricos e da dimensionalidade da escala. Dissertação de Mestrado não publicada. Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra. [Inventory of Schematic Modes: Psychometric and scale dimensional studies].
Pestana, M. & Gageiro, J. (2008). Análise de dados para Ciências Sociais - A complementaridade do SPSS (5ª ed). [Data analysis for Social Sciences - The complementarity of SPSS]Lisboa: Edições Sílabo.
Pollock, P. H., Broadbent, M., Clarke, S., Dorrian, A., & Ryle, A. (2001). The Personality Structure Questionnaire (PSQ): A measure of the Multiple Self States Model of identity disturbance in Cognitive Analytic Therapy. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 8(1), 59–72.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.250
Rijo, D. (2009). Esquemas mal-adaptativos precoces: Validação do conceito e dos métodos de avaliação. Coimbra: Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.
Rijo, D. (2017). O questionário de esquemas de Young (YSQS3). In Gonçalves, M., Simões, M. R., & Almeida, L. (Eds.), Psicologia clínica e da saúde: instrumentos de avaliação (pp. 159-173). Lisboa: PACTOR.
Ryan, R.B., Kumar, V.K. & Wagner, K. (2015). The personality beliefs questionnaire-short-form: relationship of personality disorders schemata with entitlement and dysfunctional thoughts. Current Psychology, 34, 239-247.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9254-1
Ryle, A., & Kerr, I. (2002). Introducing cognitive analytic therapy. Principles and practice. Chichester: Wiley.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470713587
Ryle, A. (2005). Cognitive analytic therapy. In J. C. Norcross & M. R. Goldfield (Eds.), Oxford series in clinical psychology. Handbook of psychotherapy integration (pp. 196-217). New York, NY, US: Oxford University Press. doi:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195165791.003.0009
Semerari, A, Carcione, A., Dimaggio, G., Falcone, M., Nicolò, G., Procacci, M., Alleva, G., Mergenthaler E. (2003). Assessing problematic states inside patient’s narratives. The Grid of Problematic Conditions. Psychotherapy Research, 13(3), 337-353.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ptr/kpg032
Siegel, D. J. (2012). The developing mind: How relationships and the brain interact to shape who we are. (2nd ed.). New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
Steyer, R., Mayer, A., Geiser, C., & Cole, D. A. (2015). A theory of states and traits--revised. Annual review of clinical psychology, 11, 71-98.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153719
Vasco, A. B. (2001). Fundamentos para um modelo integrativo de “complementaridade paradigmática”. [Fundamentals for an integrative model of “paradigmatic complementarity”]. Psicologia, XV (2), 219-226.
Vasco, A. B., Conceiç~ao, N., Silva, A. N., Ferreira, J. F., & Vaz-Velho, C. (2018). O (meta)modelo de complementaridade paradigmática (MCP). In I. Leal (Ed.), Psicoterapias. Lisbon:Pactor. [Paradigmatic Complementarity Metamodel].
Walker, B.M. & Winter, D.A. (2007). The elaboration of personal construct psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 453-477.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085535
Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach (3rd ed.). FL: Professional Resources Press.
Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema Therapy. A practitioner’s guide. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.
How to Cite
Faustino, B., Branco Vasco, A. ., Dimaggio, G., Nunes da Silva, A., & Seromenho, S. (2021). Self-assessment of patterns of subjective experience: development and psychometric study of the States of Mind Questionnaire. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 23(3). https://doi.org/10.4081/ripppo.2020.465
Copyright (c) 2020 Bruno Faustino, António Branco Vasco, Giancarlo Dimaggio, Ana Nunes da Silva; Sophie Seromenho
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PAGEPress has chosen to apply the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0) to all manuscripts to be published.
Similar Articles
- Kim de Jong, Johanna Wilkens, Timothy Anderson, Kane Steggles, Facilitative interpersonal skills in benign versus challenging therapy situations in trainee therapists: a pilot study , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 2 (2024)
- Gabriela Pap, Fritz Lackinger, Gerhard Kamp, Henriette Löffler-Stastka, Analysis of a dream series by the Dream Coding System developed by Ulrich Moser , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 2 (2021): SPECIAL ISSUE "Working on dreams, from psychotherapy to neuroscience"
- Alessia Renzi, Rachele Mariani, Michela Di Trani, Renata Tambelli, Giving words to emotions: the use of linguistic analysis to explore the role of alexithymia in an expressive writing intervention , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 23 No. 2 (2020)
- Diego Rocco, Vincenzo Calvo, Vito Agrosì, Francesca Bergami, Luce Maria Busetto, Silvia Marin, Giovanna Pezzetta, Luca Rossi, Lorenzo Zuccotti, Allan Abbass, Intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy provided by novice psychotherapists: effects on symptomatology and psychological structure in patients with anxiety disorders , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 24 No. 1 (2021)
- Vasiliki Yotsidi, Charis Ntakolia, Ioanna Rannou , Pilios-Dimitris Stavrou, Panagiotis Ferentinos, Athanasios Douzenis, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Efthimia Gavriilidou, Rossetos Gournellis , Suicidality and self-compassion in patients with major depressive disorder: the mediating role of the avoidant attachment type , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Online Advance Publication
- Victoria Klimkowski, Sofia McRae, Alexia Blick, Laurence Beaulieu, J. Reese S. Handley, Anara A. Hopley, Caroline A. Hyde, Devika M. Jain, Sylvia Kolodziejczyk, Josiane Laliberté, Alexa Lévesque, Lara M. Masri, Anya M. Monet, Reagan S. Nediu, Rachel Valihrach, Giorgio Tasca, Models of practice and training in psychotherapy: cross-national perspectives from Italy and Canada , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 27 No. 1 (2024)
- Maria Inês Galvão, Ana Nunes da Silva, António Branco Vasco, The Alliance Negotiation Scale: Portuguese adaptation , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 22 No. 2 (2019)
- Ana Catarina Nunes da Silva, António Branco Vasco, Jeanne C. Watson, Alexithymia and therapeutic alliance: a multiple case study comparing good and poor outcome cases , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 21 No. 2 (2018)
- Joào F. Barreto, Paula Mena Matos, Balancing clinical risk with countertransference management protects alliance , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 3 (2017)
- Nino Dazzi, Some critical considerations about the document Psychotherapies for Anxiety and Depression: benefits and costs , Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome: Vol. 20 No. 2 (2017)
<< < 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 > >>
You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.
