@article{Costa_Worthington, Jr._Cavadas Montanha_Couto_Cunha_2021, title={Construct validity of two measures of self-forgiveness in Portugal: a study of self-forgiveness, psychological symptoms, and well-being}, volume={24}, url={https://www.researchinpsychotherapy.org/rpsy/article/view/500}, DOI={10.4081/ripppo.2021.500}, abstractNote={<p>Several studies have suggested that self-forgiveness promotes psychological well-being. The state self-forgiveness scale (SSFS) and the differentiated self-forgiveness process scale (DSFPS) are two self-report questionnaires that assess self-forgiveness in psychotherapy, personal change, and health. The present study aims to examine the psychometric properties of the SSFS and the DSFPS in a Portuguese sample, highlighting reliability and validity properties for scores on both scales. We examine the relationships among self-forgiveness, self-criticism, psychological well-being, and global psychopathological symptoms. The two scales were completed in a random nonclinical sample of 475 University students. The psychological well-being scale was used to explore the relation between self-forgiveness and well-being. Our findings show evidence of a good estimated internal consistency for scores on both scales - SSFS and DSFPS. Self-forgiveness is related to higher indexes of positive feelings (<em>e.g</em>., self-compassion, self-esteem) such as positive behaviors and beliefs about the self. Thus, self-criticism (<em>e.g</em>., hated self) tends to decrease while self-forgiveness feelings and actions, as well as positive feelings of the self (self-compassion; self-love) tends to increase. In clinical practice these are positive indicators, which can lead to personal improvement, as well as positive affect and lower symptomatology (<em>e.g</em>., symptoms of depression).</p>}, number={1}, journal={Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome}, author={Costa, Liliana and Worthington, Jr., Everett L. and Cavadas Montanha, Cristina and Couto, Ana Bela and Cunha, Carla}, year={2021}, month={Mar.} }